Vertical distribution and partitioning of organic carbon in mixed, frontal and stratified waters of the English Cannel

Holligan, Patrick M.; Harris, RP; Newell, RC; Harbour, Derek; Head, Robert; Linley, E.A.S.; Lucas, Mike; Tranter, P. R. G.; Weekley, C. M.

doi:10.3354/meps014111

Cited by 226 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this study, assuming a cell carbon content of 13 pg (Holligan et al, 1984), the observed cellular POC levels of E. huxleyi cells in the blooming area were similar, with a range of 13-40 µg C dm 3 and equivalent to 6.4-19.7% of the total community POC. In mesocosm experiments, the amount of particulate organic carbon in living cells of E. huxleyi may be as much as 500 µg dm 3 (Van Bleijswijk et al, 1994).…”

Section: The State Of Development Of the Bloommentioning

confidence: 91%

The hydrography and biology of a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the northern North Sea

Head

Crawford

Egge

et al. 1998

Journal of Sea Research

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In June=July 1994 a study was made of a small bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in an area of the North Sea to the east of the Shetland Islands. Observations on the hydrography of the study area indicated the bloom was associated with Atlantic water and was confined to an area in which a stable shallow mixed layer had formed. There was no evidence to suggest association of horizontal physical structure with the bloom development. High cell densities of >1-6 ð 10 6 cells dm 3 , together with low concentrations of PIC (<50 µg dm 3 ) and detached liths (2-3 ð 10 4 liths cm 3 ) indicated that the bloom was studied at an early stage of development. Biochemical and physiological observations indicated active growth was taking place. The results presented are discussed in comparison with previous studies carried out in both oceanic and shelf seas.

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Section: The State Of Development Of the Bloommentioning

confidence: 91%

The hydrography and biology of a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the northern North Sea

Head

Crawford

Egge

et al. 1998

Journal of Sea Research

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“…Biomass for (B] to (D] from Holligan et al (1984) solution, either temporarily or permanently. The surprising thing about the comparisons made above between calculated and observed rates of viral disappearance is how well the mass transport estimates agree with the measurements, suggesting that transport to particle surfaces is a fundamental part of viral inactivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holligan et al 1984). Observed biomass levels for organisms between 2 and 90 pm diameter in surface waters of the English Channel vary with hydrographic conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Calculated Host:virus Contact Rates For Particle Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral dynamics: a model of the effects of size shape, motion and abundance of single-celled olanktonic organisms and other particles

Murray¹,

Jackson²

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

319

339

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The transport of aquatic viruses to particles can be described in terms of diffusive transport from solution. Such transport is influenced by motion of the water relative to the particle. Because transport rate is determined purely by physical factors it is independent of whether the particle is a host or non-host organism. The low viral diffusivity relative to that for dissolved nutrients makes transport enhancement from organism swimming more important for viruses. The virus contact rate with bacteria is relatively unaffected by such motions because of small bacterial sizes. Transport rates for phytoplankton and protozoa can increase over an order of magnitude when swimming motions are considered. Although larger organisms have much higher transport rates per individual, their far lower concentrations In sea water should make small organisms the preferred targets for viruses. Rates of host-virus interactions in culture are closely related to predictions from transport theory. There is a fairly close relationship between bacterial populations and virus disappearance rates in the marine environment, suggesting that non-host organisms are a major cause of viral mortality at the higher ionic strengths typical of sea water. Other factors, such as UV radiation, must also be included when estimating viral mortality in seacvater.

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“…In the middle shelf domain, a chlorophyll maximum can persist in the pycnocline into the fall (Iverson et al, 1979a;Stockwell et al, 2001), implying that new production continues in this subsurface layer, as on other continental shelves (Holligan et al, 1984;Richardson and Christoffersen, 1991). Mixing events from summer storms provide the only nutrient enrichment of surface waters on the middle and outer shelf (Whitledge et al, 1986;Sambroto et al, 1986).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Hunt

Stabeno

Walters

et al. 2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

498

385

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We propose a new hypothesis, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), which predicts that pelagic ecosystem function in the southeastern Bering Sea will alternate between primarily bottom-up control in cold regimes and primarily top-down control in warm regimes. The timing of spring primary production is determined predominately by the timing of ice retreat. Late ice retreat (late March or later) leads to an early, ice-associated bloom in cold water (e.g., 1995, 1997, 1999), whereas no ice, or early ice retreat before mid-March, leads to an open-water bloom in May or June in warm water (e.g., 1996, 1998, 2000). Zooplankton populations are not closely coupled to the spring bloom, but are sensitive to water temperature. In years when the spring bloom occurs in cold water, low temperatures limit the production of zooplankton, the survival of larval/juvenile fish, and their recruitment into the populations of species of large piscivorous fish, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). When continued over decadal scales, this will lead to bottom-up limitation and a decreased biomass of piscivorous fish. Alternatively, in periods when the bloom occurs in warm water, zooplankton populations should grow rapidly, providing plentiful prey for larval and juvenile fish. Abundant zooplankton will support strong recruitment of fish and will lead to abundant predatory fish that control forage fish, including, in the case of pollock, their own juveniles. Piscivorous marine birds and pinnipeds may achieve higher production of young and survival in cold regimes, when there is less competition from large piscivorous fish for coldwater forage fish such as capelin (Mallotus villosus). Piscivorous seabirds and pinnipeds also may be expected to have high productivity in periods of transition from cold regimes to warm regimes, when young of large predatory species of fish are numerous enough to provide forage. The OCH predicts that the ability of large predatory fish populations to sustain fishing pressure will vary between warm and cold regimes.The OCH points to the importance of the timing of ice retreat and water temperatures during the spring bloom for the productivity of zooplankton, and the degree and direction of coupling between zooplankton and forage fish. in the biomass of large piscivorous fish and a concurrent decline in the biomass of forage fish, including age-1 walleye pollock, particularly over the southern portion of the shelf. Populations of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and seabirds such as kittiwakes (Rissa spp.) at the Pribilof Islands have declined, most probably in response to a diminished prey base. The available evidence suggests that these changes are unlikely the result of a decrease in total annual new primary production, though the possibility of reduced post-bloom production during summer remains. An ecosystem approach to management of the Bering Sea and its fisheries is of great importance if all o...

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Vertical distribution and partitioning of organic carbon in mixed, frontal and stratified waters of the English Cannel

Cited by 226 publications

References 26 publications

The hydrography and biology of a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the northern North Sea

The hydrography and biology of a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the northern North Sea

Viral dynamics: a model of the effects of size shape, motion and abundance of single-celled olanktonic organisms and other particles

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

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