<p>August Compte, a French philosopher of science, back in the 18th Century wrote: <em>You do not know a science, if you do not know its history.</em> <br />It is ambitious to adapt this aphorism to the history of the microbiological diagnosis of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> infection, but the father of positivism would probably forgive me.</p><p>[...]</p>