Versatility of a Nitrogen‐Containing Monolithic Porous Carbon for Lithium‐Based Energy Storage.

Abstract

N-containing monolithic porous carbon material with dual micro and mesoporous structures was synthesized using an innovative, cheap and easy synthesis route based on the classical resorcinol-formaldehyde synthesis. A completely chemical, structural and morphological characterization was carried out. The N content in the carbonaceous material was 7.3% and XPS data showed that is present in two different surrounds, as N-pyrrolic and N-pyridinic atoms. Is known that, the last one, can acts as a catalyst at surface level in heterogeneous reactions. In addition, using this material, we were able to fabricate lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries obtaining high values of discharge capacity and cycle stability and demonstrating the multifunctional character of this carbon in energy storage devices.

Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…The heteroatoms doped in the carbon materials can introduce a large of active sites and polar functional groups, which can promote the chemical adsorption of polysulfides on carbon materials, thereby suppressing the “shuttle effect” and improving the electrochemical performance of LSBs [137] . Natural biochar has been widely studied due to its huge surface area, wide sources, and abundant heteroatoms [44,50,67,138] . Element doped biochar suppresses the “shuttle phenomenon” of polysulfides through the synergistic effect between different elements, thereby improving the utilization rate of sulfur and improving the electrochemical performance [134a,139] .…”

Pistachio Shell-Derived Carbon Activated with Phosphoric Acid: A More Efficient Procedure to Improve the Performance of Li–S Batteries

“…Several strategies [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] have been investigated to reduce the shuttle effect, such as the use of modified separators [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], interlayers [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], solid-polymer electrolytes [ 16 ], or the addition of LiNO 3 in the electrolyte that passivates the lithium surface and mitigates the problems that take place in the anode. However, the use of porous carbonaceous materials in the positive electrode constitute an excellent matrix for the immobilization of sulfur and entrapment of polysulfides, such as carbon nanotubes [ 17 ], carbon nanofibers [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], carbon flowers [ 21 ], graphene [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], graphene doped with heteroatoms [ 27 , 28 ], graphene oxide [ 29 ], ordered mesoporous carbons [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], and metal oxide–carbon composites [ 33 ]. Unfortunately, most synthetic procedures for these materials are complex and require expensive and non-renewable raw materials, a drawback for large-scale applications.…”