Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Abstract

The environmental impact from the waste disposal has been widely concerned around the world. The conversion of wastes to useful resources is important for the sustainable society. As a typical family of wastes, biomass materials basically composed of collagen, protein and lignin, are considered as useful resources for recycle and reuse. In recent years, the development of carbon material derived from biomasses, such as plants, crops, animals and their application in electrochemical energy storage have attracted extensive attention. Through the selection of the appropriate biomass, the optimization of the activation method and the control of the pyrolysis temperatures, carbon materials with desired features, such as high‐specific surface area, variable porous framework, and controllable heteroatom‐doping have been fabricated. Herein, this review summarized the preparation methods, morphologies, heteroatoms doping in the plant/animal‐derived carbonaceous materials, and their application as electrode materials for secondary batteries and supercapacitors, and as electrode support for lithium‐sulfur batteries. The challenges and prospects for the controllable synthesis and large‐scale application of biomass‐derived carbonaceous materials have also been outlooked.

Sustainable Utilization of Waste Biomass: Pyrolysis Kinetics of Jujube Pits and Lithium Storage Behavior of Pyrolytic Carbon

“…By deliberately selecting biomass with a higher HHV value, researchers can capitalize on its superior energy density to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, despite the potential significance of HHV in shaping carbon materials for energy-storage applications, its integration with thermokinetics (the study of thermal energy and reaction kinetics) remains relatively unexplored in the optimization of carbon structures. , Thermokinetics plays a pivotal role in controlling the carbonization process, influencing the morphology, porosity, and electrochemical properties of carbon materials. ,,, Through precise modulation of the temperature, heating rate, and residence time, researchers can tailor the carbon structure to meet specific performance requirements, such as improved conductivity, enhanced lithium-ion diffusion, and prolonged cycling stability. − Yet, the synergistic interplay between HHV and thermokinetics for optimizing carbon structures in LIB electrodes remains a largely untapped frontier.…”