Versatile and Scalable Icephobization of Airspace Composite by Surface Morphology and Chemistry Tuning

Abstract

The design of the icephobic surface represents an urgent challenge in the field of surface engineering with high application potential. In this work, we proposed the introduction of icephobic surface properties on the technically relevant materialpolyetheretherketone/carbon fibers (PEEK/CF) composite. The developed method utilizes the simple and scalable electrochemical etching to induce a significant increase of surface roughness and subsequent chemical grafting for attachment of hydrophobic fluoro-containing chemical moieties. The surface morphology was characterized at different scales, using the profilometer, confocal microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The success of chemical grafting was confirmed using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) measurements. The surface properties were tuned to reach the superhydrophobic and Cassie–Baxter water drop states, minimizing the contact area between the drop and sample surface. The icephobic surface properties were tested through the measurements of the time delay of ice formation, precooled drop slipping, and estimation of ice removal force. It was convincingly demonstrated that optimal combination of physical and chemical treatment allows us reaching the icephobic properties on PEEK/CF composite. The main advantages of proposed procedure are its simplicity and scalability, which makes it highly attractive for the practical introduction of icephobic properties in the field of aircraft materials.

Water and Ice Adhesion to Solid Surfaces: Common and Specific, the Impact of Temperature and Surface Wettability

“…Recent studies have shown that the adhesion strength of ice to superhydrophobic coatings, characterized by low wetting hysteresis and receding contact angles exceeding 160 • , can be considerably lower than that in the case of hydrophobic coatings [9,13,14,[79][80][81][82]. To clarify further analysis, we should remind here that the wetting of the superhydrophobic surface occurs in a heterogeneous regime, that is, water partially contacts the solid surface and partially the air bubbles trapped inside the surface texture.…”

“…The development of materials and coatings for outdoor applications requires immense laboratory studies of the chemical and mechanical resistance of fabricated materials, their adhesion to liquid and solid water at different environmental conditions. As it was shown in numerous recent critical reviews [92][93][94], the absolute values of ice adhesion depend on the peculiarities of methods of measurement and ice formation [81,92,93,[95][96][97]. In the following section, we will briefly discuss the most general approaches to the measurement of ice adhesion to solids with the emphasis on the methods, which were not yet actively discussed in the literature and which allow studying complex shear stresses, mixed mode fracture and determining the temperature dependence of ice adhesion strength.…”

Self-limiting covalent modification of carbon surfaces: diazonium chemistry with a twist

“…Although the aryldiazonium salts are known to undergo spontaneous decomposition in the presence of certain substrates 2 , very often their reductive decomposition is initiated using electrochemical, 3 photochemical 4 or chemical 5,6 means as the latter methods provide a greater degree of control over the grafting process. Covalently modified surfaces prepared using diazonium chemistry have potential applications in diverse range of fields including sensing, 7 catalysis, 8 energy storage systems, 9 anti-icing surfaces, 10,11 to name a few. Diazonium chemistry has recently found prominence in the covalent functionalization of 2D materials including graphene, 12 MoS2 13 and black phosphorus.…”

For What Am I Grateful to the University of Chemical Technology in Prague? 35 Years of Cooperation in the Field of Estimation Methods and Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Materials

“…chemická aktivace povrchů pomocí tzv. Piranha roztoků 54 a/nebo roubování různých chemických látek a tím nových funkčních skupin na povrchy substrátů 40,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] , roubování kovových nanočástic 40,[68][69][70] ; (c) fyzikálně-chemické depozice napařování či naprašování kovových 37,43,68,[71][72][73][74] či uhlíkových nanostruktur a nanovrstev 75,76 ; (d) jejich kombinace, kdy v prvním kroku dochází k tzv. aktivaci povrchu (fyzikálně, chemicky) a následnému chemickému roubování.…”

“…Vlastnosti, které jsou pro různé aplikace důležité, jsou zejména povrchová chemie, drsnost a morfologie, smáčivost (polarita), povrchový náboj, specifický povrch, porozita materiálů a řada dalších [77][78][79][80] . Pro studium chemie povrchu materiálů se využívají zejména různé spektroskopické metody, nejčastěji fotoelektronová mikroskopie (XPS) 37-76 , infračervená spektroskopie s Fourierovou transformací (FTIR) 64,67,68 , Ramanova spektroskopie 65,66,74,76 . Pro studium drsnosti a morfologie povrchu nám slouží řada mikroskopických metod, jako mikroskopie atomárních sil (AFM) [37][38][39][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]53,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62]64,66,[68][69][70][71][72][73]74,76 , konfokální mikroskopie 43 , skenovací elektronová mikroskopie (SEM) 46,[48][49]…”