Vero-cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 in a farmer handling horses

Chalmers, RM; Salmon, RL; Willshaw, G. A.; Cheasty, T.; Looker, Nick; Davies, I. H.; Wray, C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61697-2

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…EHEC O157 have been isolated from companion animals living on a farm environment and associated with human infections, like horses [25,168] and dogs [168]. The presence of STEC, including EHEC O157, has been recently described in both wild and farmed rabbits [59,95,138] and the possible role of the rabbit as a source of human infections deserves further studies.…”

Section: Other Non Ruminant Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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-Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) constitute a subset of serotypes (E. coli O157 and some other serogroups) of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) firmly associated with severe human illnesses like bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Stx production is essential but not sufficient for EHEC virulence. Most strains are capable of colonising the intestinal mucosa of the host with the "attaching and effacing" mechanism, genetically governed by a large pathogenicity island (PAI) defined as the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement. Other virulence factors carried by mobile genetic elements like PAI and plasmids have been recently described, and their role in the pathogenic process has not been fully elucidated. EHEC are zoonotic pathogens. They rarely cause disease in animals, and ruminants are recognised as their main natural reservoir. Cattle are considered to be the most important source of human infections with EHEC O157, and the ecology of the organism in cattle farming has been extensively studied. The organism has also been reported in sheep, goats, water buffalos, and deer. Pigs and poultry are not considered to be a source of EHEC and the sporadic reports may derive from accidental exposure to ruminant dejections. The epidemiology of EHEC infections has remarkably changed during the past ten years and an increasing number of unusual food vehicles have been associated with human infections. New routes of transmission have emerged, like contact with animals during farm visits and a wide variety of environment-related exposures. As for other zoonotic agents, having animals and raw products that are free from EHEC is not possible in practice. However, their occurrence can be minimised by applying high standards of hygiene in all the steps of the food production chain.

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Section: Other Non Ruminant Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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“…Notably, as was seen in Ohio, all the positive horses were also housed on farms containing ruminants. Despite the low STEC prevalence in horses, there are reported human clinical cases associated with infection from horse contact (91), and one must be aware of this potential source of infection.…”

Section: Equinementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Reservoirs of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli

2014

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains have been detected in a wide diversity of mammals, birds, fish, and several insects. Carriage by most animals is asymptomatic, thus allowing for dissemination of the bacterium in the environment without detection. Replication of the organism may occur in the gastrointestinal tract of some animals, notably ruminants. Carriage may also be passive or transient, without significant amplification of bacterial numbers while in the animal host. Animals may be classified as reservoir species, spillover hosts, or dead-end hosts. This classification is based on the animal's ability to (i) transmit STEC to other animal species and (ii) maintain STEC infection in the absence of continuous exposure. Animal reservoirs are able to maintain STEC infections in the absence of continuous STEC exposure and transmit infection to other species. Spillover hosts, although capable of transmitting STEC to other animals, are unable to maintain infection in the absence of repeated exposure. The large diversity of reservoir and spillover host species and the survival of the organism in environmental niches result in complex pathways of transmission that are difficult to interrupt.

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“…These infections occur in all parts of the world including Middle East countries (Lerman et al, 1992;Adwan et al, 2002). Identified human infections were traced to eating undercooked beef (Chapman et al, 1993;Morgan et al, 1993;Bell et al, 1994), drinking contaminated water (Dev et al, 1991;Swerdlow et al, 1992;Danon-Schaffer, 2001), and, sporadically, to a direct contact with infected animals (Rice et al, 1996;Trevena et al, 1996;Chalmers et al, 1997;Chapman et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from sheep and goats inJordanwith evidence of multiresistant serotype O157:H7

Novotná¹,

Alexa²,

Hamrik³

et al. 2005

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Ninety-three rectal swabs of lambs and young goats from two extensively and two intensively managed herds in Jordan were taken and examined for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The bacteriological examination included the preenrichment of rectal swabs in EC broth with novobiocin, and a subsequent parallel isolation on enterohemolysin agar and immunomagnetic separation with cultivation on CT-SMAC. The STEC O157:H7 strains were demonstrated in 8 of 32 diarrheic lambs 1-to 3-weeks old in one sheep herd with intensive milk production. In the remaining three herds, serogroups O128, O78, O15 and serotype O128:K85 of STEC strains were the most frequent findings. The presence of stx2, ehlyA and eaeA genes in all STEC O157:H7 isolates was confirmed by PCR. In two untypable STEC isolates, stx2 and ehlyA genes were detected. In other STEC non-O157 isolates, only stx1 a ehlyA genes were found. All STEC O157:H7 isolates were resistant against sulphonamides and chloramphenicol, five were also resistant against ampicillin and streptomycin, one against co-trimoxazole. One isolate was resistant against ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime), monobactams (aztreonam), sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Compared the resistant STEC O157:H7 isolates, the multiresistant isolate had a different RAPD pattern. Of 36 STEC non-O157 isolates, one isolate was resistant against sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole, and another one against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole. STEC isolates resistant against antimicrobial agents were demonstrated only in herds with intensive management.

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Vero-cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 in a farmer handling horses

Cited by 47 publications

References 2 publications

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

Animal Reservoirs of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli

Isolation and characterization Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from sheep and goats inJordanwith evidence of multiresistant serotype O157:H7

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