Verbal Free Recall in High Altitude: Proper Names vs Common Names

Pelamatti, Giovanna; Pascotto, Milena; Semenza, Carlo

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70077-7

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We found also a positive correlation between the Theta activity in the frontal areas and hypoxemia (y = 0.022x -1.397, r 2 = 1:F 3 P 3 ). Moreover, a study with psychometric tests performed by the same subjects and published elsewhere showed that some brain functions of the left frontotemporal lobe were temporarily impaired under hypobaric-hypoxic conditions [17].…”

Section: Chronic Acclimatisation At 4300 M Altitude (A 2 )mentioning

confidence: 81%

Electroencephalographic Changes after a Marathon at 4300 M of Altitude

Gritti¹,

Martignoni²,

Calcaterra³

et al. 2012

JBBS

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Running at altitude is gaining greater popularity but it may expose participants to the risk of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The study investigated electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and eventual symptoms suggestive of AMS in 5 well-trained lowland native male runners (average age, 38.2 ± 4.6 years; VO 2 peak 61.4 ± 2.7 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 at sea level; best marathon performance at sea level under 3 hours), who completed a marathon at 4300 m altitude. EEG, percentage of peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (% SpaO 2 ) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during wakefulness at rest (supine position) and in comfort: 1) at sea level; 2) at 3600 m after 32 -38 hours of acute acclimatization; 3) at 4300 m after 145 -153 hours of chronic acclimatization; and 4) at 4300 m immediately after a marathon race. Symptoms of AMS were evaluated with the Lake Louise questionnaire before any ECG recording. There was a significant decrease in low-voltage high-frequency activities at rest after acute hypoxic-hypobaric exposure at 3600 m as compared to sea level. After six days of acclimatization at 4300 m there was a significant increase in the power of low-voltage high-frequency activities, particularly beta and gamma, indicating an aroused waking state and an integrated activity across widely distributed cortical regions. An increase in the power of low-voltage high-frequency activities over the entire cortex was observed, particularly after completion of the marathon at 4300 m. The increase in the high-frequency activities was probably due to direct and indirect reflex activation of the forebrain and reticular activating system involved in behavioral and metabolic integration of autonomic control and arousal and due to residual activation of the somatomotor and parietal cortex after the end of the marathon. Lake Louise score always resulted lower than 3, indicating no signs of AMS in all the runners. The results of this study indicate that in well-trained and acclimatized athletes, arousal has a protective role in preventing excessive oxygen deprivation also after an endurance exercise performed at high altitude. The absence of AMS fond in our study bear out that well trained and acclimatized runners, can safely participate in a marathon at high altitude that gives rise to temporary EEG changes without inducing paroxysmal phenomena.

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Section: Chronic Acclimatisation At 4300 M Altitude (A 2 )mentioning

confidence: 81%

Electroencephalographic Changes after a Marathon at 4300 M of Altitude

Gritti¹,

Martignoni²,

Calcaterra³

et al. 2012

JBBS

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show abstract

“…A large body of data demonstrated that people travelling to high altitudes were subjected to cognitive decline such as short‐term memory, working memory, verbal fluency, and language production (Pelamatti, Pascotto, & Semenza, 2003; Wilson et al., 2009). Moreover, a recent report suggested that the native people living in different high altitudes (3,700, 4,500, and 5,100 m) for long time showed cognitive impairment symptoms compared to human population at sea level (Zhang et al., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation reduces cognitive injury at high altitude

Shi

Xiong

et al. 2017

Brain and Behavior

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BackgroundCognitive impairment is common in people travelling to high altitude. Oxiracetam and electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus may have beneficial impacts. This study was to investigate the effects of preconditioning with Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) on cognitive decline following the ascension to high altitude.MethodsThe study was conducted on 60 male military voluntary members who were divided into control group, Oxiracetam group, and fastigial nucleus stimulation group. Transcranial doppler sonography, auditory evoked potential, electroencephalogram (EEG), and cognitive assessments were performed.ResultsPeople could still suffer cognitive dysfunction at 4,000 m high altitude despite that they have lived at 1,800 m altitude for several years. The 4,000 m altitude environment also prolonged P300 and N200 latencies. Both Oxiracetam and FNS improved cognitive function, reduced the prolonged latencies of Event Related Potentials (P300 and N200), decreased the average velocity of brain arteries, and enhanced EEG power spectral entropy at 4,000 m altitude.ConclusionsNeurophysiological evidences suggest the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairments. Both Oxiracetam and FNS can reduce cognitive decline post arrival at high altitude. They could be a potential pretreatment method for cognitive dysfunction resulted from high altitude.

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“…Experimental studies on the exercise physiology of mountain marathon runners demonstrated that marathon performance at high altitude is safe, demands strenuous effort, and induces transient, psychological, hematological and hormonal variations that fully resolve within 24 hours [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of hypobaric-hypoxic high-altitude conditions have reported different degrees of high-altitude-induced altered states of consciousness [16,17]: insomnia, dizziness, sleep-wake disturbances [18], paroxysm [19] in normal subjects and mountain climbers and cognitive changes in mountain marathon runners [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fundamental for attaining maximal performance in mountain marathon running at high altitude is the degree of acclimatization and training [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Current debate centers on the use of specific metabolic markers [3][4][5] and sleep quality and quantity as indices of general and central nervous system health status [2], as well as the tempo of acclimatization to high altitude conditions in mountain marathon runners preparing for performance at high altitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Chemistry, Acid-Base, Electrolyte, Blood Lactate Metabolism and Sleep at 3480 m in Mountain Marathon Runners

Gritti¹,

Mauri²,

Defendi³

et al. 2013

JBBS

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Altered blood chemistry, acid-base and electrolyte are suggested determinants of sleep disturbance, with frequent arousal at high altitude even in well and long-trained altitude marathon runners. In this sample of experienced altitude marathon runners with maximal aerobic power at sea level of 61.4 ± 2.7 ml/kg −1 ·min −1 we found that pO 2 and percent of oxygen saturation (%SO 2 ) were lower at 2050 m and 3480 m than at sea level; pO 2 was higher after 38 -41 hours than after 30 -31 hours of acclimatization at 3480 m (P < 0.05). After ascentto 3480 m %SO 2 decreased (P < 0.003). Compared to sea level values, pH increased at high altitude (P < 0.05) consistent with changes in pCO 2 and (P < 0.05). Nocturnal %SpaO 2 at a sleeping altitude of 3480 m was lower (P < 0.05) than at sea level. At high altitude, the percent of wake (W) time and delay falling asleep (DFA) increased, whereas non-rapid eye movement sleep (N-REM), REM sleep and total sleep time (TST) decreased (P < 0.05). Simple regression analysis disclosed a significant correlation between the changes in TST and the percent of REM sleep and the changes in %SpaO 2 recorded during sleep (P < 0.05). Simple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the changes in pO 2 at higher altitude and the percent of W and of TST (P < 0.05). The changes in pO 2 , tCO 2 and . Simple regression analysis demonstrated that the changes in pH at high altitude correlated positively and significantly with the percent of W and the DFA and negatively with the percent of changes in NREM sleep, REM sleep, NREM + REM sleep (P < 0.05). The decrease in the TST at high altitude correlated significantly and negatively with the changes in pCO 2 , tCO 2 , and [K + ] (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that the arterialized ear lobe techniques we used for evaluating most of the changes in blood chemistry, acid-base, electrolyte and blood lactate metabolism aresuitable for clinical and laboratory assessment and are important predictors of the quality and quantity of acclimatization and sleep at high altitude.

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Verbal Free Recall in High Altitude: Proper Names vs Common Names

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Electroencephalographic Changes after a Marathon at 4300 M of Altitude

Electroencephalographic Changes after a Marathon at 4300 M of Altitude

Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation reduces cognitive injury at high altitude

Blood Chemistry, Acid-Base, Electrolyte, Blood Lactate Metabolism and Sleep at 3480 m in Mountain Marathon Runners

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