“…Approximately 30-50% of persons infected with HIV-1 exhibit neuropsychological (NP) deficits, most notably in cognitive domains related to frontal-subcortical systems (Heaton et al, 1995;Hinkin et al, 2002;Martin et al, 2001). NP impairment is more prevalent and severe in advanced stages of HIV disease (e.g., Basso & Bornstein, 2000;Heaton et al, 1995), and has been associated with CD4 cell counts (e.g., Becker et al, 1997), levels of viral burden in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; Ellis et al, 2002), incipient dementia (Stern et al, 2001), and postmortem neuropathology (e.g., Cherner et al, 2002;Masliah et al, 1997;Moore et al, 2002).…”