Venom ontogeny, diet and morphology in Carukia barnesi, a species of Australian box jellyfish that causes Irukandji syndrome

Underwood, Avril H.; Seymour, Jamie

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.01.014

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Two additional protein bands were detected in the venoms of Ccap55. This result indicates variations in venom protein profiles according to medusa size, as was described for the Cubozoa Carukia barnesi (Underwood and Seymour 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Cnidom analysis combined with an in vitro evaluation of the lytic, cyto- and neurotoxic potential of <i>Cyanea capillata</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Helmholz¹,

Wiebring²,

Lassen³

et al. 2011

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY:The cnidocysts and the lytic, cyto-and neurotoxic potency of a large specimen of Cyanea capillata (L.) with 55 cm umbrella diameter were compared with those of a pooled C. capillata sample (average ø 14 cm) in order to investigate organismal developments at a cellular and biochemical level. Nematocysts of the type A-isorhiza in both fishing tentacles and oral arms and the O-isorhizas of oral arms were enlarged in the 55 cm specimen. Additionally, the number of nematocysts per battery in the fishing tentacles was increased. Increased gill cell toxicity and neurotoxic activity were demonstrated for the fishing tentacle venom of the 55 cm C. capillata in comparison with the smaller medusae. A two-fold higher haemolytic activity was detected for the venom of oral arms obtained from the large C. capillata compared with the oral arm venom prepared from the smaller medusae.Keywords: Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Cyanea, jellyfish, cnidom, venom, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity. RESUMEN: Análisis del cnidoma combinado con una evaluación in vitro del potencial lítico, cyto-y neurotóxicos de Cyanea Capillata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). -Con el fin de estudiar la evolución ontogenética a un nivel celular y bioquímico de los cnidocistos de la potencia lítica, y las características cito-y neurotóxicas de Cyanea capillata (L.), se ha comparado un ejemplar de 55 cm de diámetro de umbrela de la especie con una muestra de varios ejemplares de C. capillata (promedio 14 cm de diámetro). Tanto los nematocistos del tipo A isorhiza de los tentáculos marginales como en los mesentéricos y los nematocistos del tipo O isorhizas de tentáculos orales fueron mayores en el ejemplar de C. capillata de 55 cm. Además, el número de nematocistos por zona de agregación fue mayor en el ejemplar de 55 cm. En cuanto a la actividad tóxica de los cnidocistos, ésta fue superior tanto a nivel de célula como de la actividad de la toxina (veneno) en los tentáculos marginales del ejemplar de 55 cm frente a los ejemplares más pequeños de la especie. También se observó una actividad hemolítica de la toxina (veneno) dos veces superior en los cnidocistos de los tentáculos marginales del ejemplar grande, 55 cm de C. capillata frente a los ejemplares pequeños.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Cnidom analysis combined with an in vitro evaluation of the lytic, cyto- and neurotoxic potential of <i>Cyanea capillata</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Helmholz¹,

Wiebring²,

Lassen³

et al. 2011

Sci. Mar.

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“…79,80,82 Subsequent laboratory studies have used the refined venom extraction technique. 77,84 These investigations showed some comparable cardiac effects, including severe pressor responses from the venom of Carukia barnesi and Alatina nr mordens, which is approximately 3 to 5 times less potent than that of C. barnesi, supporting the theory of a venom-induced catecholamine release after intravenous venom administration. 80,82 Interestingly, pressor responses do not appear to be dose-dependent, suggesting that the venom may be inducing a release of catecholamine into the circulation and does not actually contain a direct vasopressor itself.…”

Section: Irukandji Syndromementioning

confidence: 60%

“…As many as 60 proteins were present in the venom extracted from nematocysts on mature bells of animals (SDS-PAGE gel analysis), and at least 45 different proteins were found in the venom extracted from tentacular nematocysts with proteins ranging in size from 25 to 250 kDa, the majority being less than 100 kDa. 77 Laboratory studies into the components of Irukandji venom have predominantly revolved around the cardiac responses of extracted venom on both whole and isolated vertebrate models including pigs, guinea pigs, and rats. 78À82 Initial studies on the effects of C. barnesi venom have shown that serum levels of endogenous adrenaline increase, as well as pulse rate and blood pressure, with widening pulse pressure and a positive inotropic effect when injected into rats.…”

Section: Irukandji Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Toxicity from Marine Envenomation

2015

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“…The 41 medusae were identified on location as species of the order Carybdeida based on the elongated cuboidal bell, the single tentacle extending from a single pedalium arising from each corner of the bell, and rapid locomotion. Nematocyst bands without distinct protrusions or neckchieves (Underwood & Seymour 2007) excluded them from the genus Carukia, commonly found in the far northern waters of Queensland. From existing taxonomic knowledge, the species was identifiable only to genus, as Malo Gershwin, 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of characters for species identification in the cubomedusa genus Malo (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida, Carukiidae)

Straehler-Pohl

2014

Plankton Benthos Res

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Abstract:Medusae of an undetermined species of the carukiid genus Malo were sampled for life cycle research at Port Douglas Marina, Port Douglas, Australia, in 2011. Due to confusing character variations within the specimens, identification to species level initially seemed impossible. To resolve their identity, the type material of Malo maxima Gershwin, 2005 and M. kingi Gershwin, 2007 were examined. Comparisons were made of the two, and also with the unknown species. Unexpectedly, no significant differences were found between M. maxima and M. kingi. Moreover, all character variations in them were observed as well in the unknown species. Accordingly, M. maxima from Western Australia and M. kingi from Queensland are considered to represent populations of the same species. Characters considered both reliable and unreliable for species determination in the genus are discussed, and an emended diagnosis of Malo is proposed. The earlier name M. maxima is proposed for both populations and for the specimens from Port Douglas.

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Venom ontogeny, diet and morphology in Carukia barnesi, a species of Australian box jellyfish that causes Irukandji syndrome

Cited by 63 publications

References 28 publications

Cnidom analysis combined with an in vitro evaluation of the lytic, cyto- and neurotoxic potential of <i>Cyanea capillata</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Cnidom analysis combined with an in vitro evaluation of the lytic, cyto- and neurotoxic potential of <i>Cyanea capillata</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Cardiovascular Toxicity from Marine Envenomation

Critical evaluation of characters for species identification in the cubomedusa genus Malo (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida, Carukiidae)

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