Cardiovascular Toxicity from Marine Envenomation

Seymour, Ben; Andreosso, Athena; Seymour, Jamie

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416595-3.00007-4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…injection [ 41 ]. This metabolite activates the extracellular calcium channels found in the cell membrane and causes an increase in cytosolic-free calcium ions [ 42 ], which leads to oncotic cell death through increased osmotic pressure exerted by protein complexes [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Since MTX-1 was identified in 1976 [ 47 ], six additional MTX analogues have been described from Gambierdiscus species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Metabolite Fingerprints of Thirteen Gambierdiscus, Five Coolia and Two Fukuyoa Species

Murray,

Passfield,

Rhodes

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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The genus Gambierdiscus produces an array of bioactive hydrophilic and lipophilic secondary metabolites that range in mode of action and toxicity. In this study, the metabolite fingerprint was mapped for thirteen Gambierdiscus, five Coolia and two Fukuyoa species (34 isolates) by assessing the production of 56 characterised secondary metabolites. Gambierdiscus polynesiensis was the only species to produce Pacific-ciguatoxin-3B (P-CTX3B), P-CTX3C, iso-P-CTX3B/C, P-CTX4A, P-CTX4B and iso-P-CTX4A/B. G. australes produced maitotoxin-1 (MTX-1) and MTX-5, G. cheloniae produced MTX-6 and G. honu produced MTX-7. Ubiquitous production of 44-methylgambierone was observed amongst all the Gambierdiscus isolates, with nine species also producing gambierone. Additional gambierone analogues, including anhydrogambierone (tentatively described herein), were also detected in all Gambierdiscus species, two Coolia and two Fukuyoa species. Gambieroxide was detected in G. lewisii and G. pacificus and gambieric acid A was detected in ten Gambierdiscus species, with G. australes (CAWD381) being the only isolate to produce gambieric acids A–D. This study has demonstrated that the isolates tested to date produce the known CTXs or MTXs, but not both, and highlighted several species that produced ‘unknown’ compounds displaying characteristics of cyclic polyethers, which will be the focus of future compound discovery efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Metabolite Fingerprints of Thirteen Gambierdiscus, Five Coolia and Two Fukuyoa Species

Murray,

Passfield,

Rhodes

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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“…Palytoxin (PTX) and its analogs are considered the most potent marine toxins with the potential to cause rapid cardiac failure and death within minutes of intoxication [5]. A common polyether toxin is OA, and one of the alkaloid compounds is the well-known tetrodotoxin (TTX) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common polyether toxin is OA, and one of the alkaloid compounds is the well-known tetrodotoxin (TTX) [6]. TTX preferentially blocks Na+ channels on nerve cell membranes, which results in nerve paralysis and respiratory failure and can result in the poisoning and death of an adult [5]. Identically, OA toxin can cause carcinogenic or teratogenic effects [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Aptasensing Strategies for Monitoring Phycotoxins: Promising for Food Safety

Zahraee

Mehrzad²,

Abnous

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Phycotoxins or marine toxins cause massive harm to humans, livestock, and pets. Current strategies based on ordinary methods are long time-wise and require expert operators, and are not reliable for on-site and real-time use. Therefore, it is urgent to exploit new detection methods for marine toxins with high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limits, convenience, and high efficiency. Conversely, biosensors can distinguish poisons with less response time and higher selectivity than the common strategies. Aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) are potent for environmental monitoring, especially for on-site and real-time determination of marine toxins and freshwater microorganisms, and with a degree of superiority over other biosensors, making them worth considering. This article reviews the designed aptasensors based on the different strategies for detecting the various phycotoxins.

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