Velocity Profiling of a Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Using Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography

Robust Automated Stopping Criterion for Semi-Convergent Image and Velocity Reconstruction in Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography

“…As explained in [20], the Landweber method for velocity reconstruction requires tuning the step lengths which be-comes problematic when the flow structure exhibits a lot of variability, which is the case in practice for many flows such as a fluidized bed. The scaling of the LBP solution provides a simple and effective solution to this problem.…”

“…ECVT has found numerous applications in fluidized bed flow characterization [3], [6], [20], [31]. Fig.…”

“…Fig. 3a shows the schematic of the fluidized bed experiment used here, which corresponds to one of the cases in [20]. A 3.5 inch inner diameter insulating pipe contains iron-oxide solid particles of mean diameter 1240 µm, known as Geldart Group D particles.…”

“…Along with this, the empty and full data are also collected in stationary conditions when the sensor is empty and filled with solid particles, respectively. The two-phase data is treated with moving average and the single phase data is treated with outlier removal and averaging for suppressing measurement noise [20]. Caution needs to be practiced in selecting the moving average window length as over-smoothing may reduce reconstructed velocity magnitudes.…”

“…A change in either of these may require adjustments to the criterion, however, a change in flow regime, such as from slug to bubbly, should not affect it. The methodology is illustrated based on experimental data derived from [20], which consists of gas-solid fluidized bed experiments including both high and low solid volume fraction scenarios. Another dataset from the same experiment but with different sensor position is used for verification of the method.…”