In this study, a novel technique to achieve multi-band performance for both reduced and conventional size circular microstrip patch antennas loaded with metamaterial has been proposed. Incorporation of symmetric slotting concept with the concept of additional mode modification for both MNG (µ negative) and ENG (ɛ negative) metamaterial loaded circular patch antennas have been shown. The use of metamaterial creates an unconventional mode, whereas symmetrical slotting not only modifies another band but also improves the gain by around 1 dB of unconventional mode for MNG loaded antenna. Design algorithms for metamaterial loaded circular patch antennas have been developed to achieve size reduction and highly directive multiband property. Based on these design algorithms, at first a reduced size triple band circular patch antenna loaded with MNG metamaterial has been shown where around 35% size reduction is achievable. Later, a triple band conventional size circular patch antenna partially loaded with ENG metamaterial has been designed with high gain and directive performances for all three bands compared to previously reported such antennas.
In this paper, a completely new algorithm based on Stimulated Annealing technique for MPPT is proposed to optimize standalone PV panel operating point even under rapidly and significantly changing weather pattern. The proposed algorithm is as simple as traditional P&O and Hill-climbing algorithm, yet it can successfully encounter the oscillation problem and steady state error problem even under worst case scenario with efficiency more than 99.99%. The algorithm eliminates hardware complexity and can be implemented using programmable microcontrollers. This paper presents performance comparison of stimulated annealing algorithm with three of the most popular artificially intelligent algorithms such as fuzzy logic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm and Genetic algorithm.Step by step procedure for practical implementation of the proposed algorithm is included at the later part of this paper.
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