Vegetative Filter Treatment of Livestock Feedlot Runoff

Dickey, Elbert C.; Vanderholm, Dale H.

doi:10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000030005x

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, grass and crop residue filter strip effects on run-off from fallow (Alberts et al 1981) and cropped land (Weston et al 1986), andfrom livestock feedlots (e.g., Young etal. 1980;Dickey & Vanderholm 1981;Edwards et al 1983) have been examined. Reductions in sediment (i.e., 60-98%) and total or paniculate P and N (i.e., 70-78%) concentrations and/or loads were generally greater than those obtained in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian pasture retirement effects on sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channellised surface run‐off from pastures

Smith

1989

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Riparian pasture retirement effects on the chemistry of channellised surface run-off from 2 moderately steep hillslopes was examined in a 22-month study. Seventy-one surface run-off events occurred. They varied in size by about 2 orders of magnitude. Sediment, phosphorus, particulate-and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the run-off (in each event) at retired riparian pasture sites were significantly (P < 0.001) and substantially lower than concentrations in run-off at grazed riparian pasture sites. Concentrations also varied less extensively at retired sites (P < 0.001). Riparian pasture retirement impacts on total loads were examined by comparing the average concentrations in run-off in 22 months at retired and grazed sites. These event-flow-weighted total and volatile suspended solids, particulate P and N, dissolved P, and nitrate-nitrogen means were <87%, <84%, < 80%, < 85%, < 55%, and < 67%, respectively, lower at the retired sites. It was concluded that riparian pasture retirement is an effective means of reducing surface run-off pollutant loads to waterways in the short term, but long-term impacts need to be examined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian pasture retirement effects on sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channellised surface run‐off from pastures

Smith

1989

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Measured concentrations could well be approximated by Equation (l), which is only slightly different from that used by Dickey and Vanderholm (1981):…”

Section: Effects On Sediment Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of Water and Sediment by Grass Strips

1996

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This paper discusses aspects of grass vegetation in relation to soil erosion control. By means of a literature research, four options for using grass vegetation were recognized, each having its own requirements concerning maintenance, vegetation characteristics and field layout. The main filter mechanisms, application in the field and effects on runoff and soil loss are discussed. Field experiments on filter strips were carried out to determine whether literature data for water and sediment retention by vegetation can be applied to sloping loess soils in South Limburg (The Netherlands). The field experiments simulated a situation in which surface runoff carrying loess sediment from an upslope field enters a grass strip. The retention of water and sediment by grass strips was determined by measuring runoff discharge and the sediment concentration at the inflow and outflow points from bordered plots. Two locations with different grass age and agricultural management were studied.Results show that grass strips are effective in filtering sediment from surface runoff as long as concentrated flow is absent. Outflow sediment concentrations could be described as a function of inflow concentrations and strip width. Reductions of sediment discharge vaned between 50-60, 60-90 and 90-99% for strips of 1, 4-5 and 10m width, respectively. Old grass, extensively used as pasture, is more effective in reducing erosion than the younger grass which was often accessed by tractors for mowing. Differences in water retention between both grass locations appear to be caused mainly by differences in grass density.

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“…A constant-width filter strip is less effective under these conditions than if the flow is uniform (Dickey and Vanderholm 1981;Dillaha et al 1988Dillaha et al , 1989Daniels and Gilliam 1996;. For example, a study of farms in eastern Nebraska estimated sediment trapping efficiency of existing vegetative filters under observed nonuniform runoff flow to be less than half of what would be expected if runoff flow was uniform .…”

Section: Abstract: Digital Elevation Model-nonpoint Pollution-precismentioning

confidence: 99%

AgBufferBuilder: A geographic information system (GIS) tool for precision design and performance assessment of filter strips

Dosskey¹,

Neelakantan²,

Mueller³

et al. 2015

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Spatially nonuniform runoff reduces the water quality performance of constant-width filter strips. A geographic information system (GIS)-based tool was developed and tested that employs terrain analysis to account for spatially nonuniform runoff and produce more effective filter strip designs. The computer program, AgBufferBuilder, runs with ArcGIS versions 10.0 and 10.1 (Esri, Redlands, California) and uses digital elevation models to identify detailed spatial patterns of overland runoff to field margins. The tool then sizes filter dimensions according to those patterns using buffer area ratio relationships. The resulting design is larger along segments where more runoff flows and smaller along segments where runoff is less and delivers a constant level of trapping efficiency around the field margin for sediment and sediment-bound pollutants. The tool also can estimate trapping efficiency of existing filter strips or hypothetical configurations. In a validation test, estimates of sediment trapping efficiency using the tool's assessment function compared closely to measurements taken on large field plots in central Iowa. Using AgBufferBuilder, designs developed for a sample of fields in the midwestern United States were estimated to trap nearly double the sediment, on average, during a design storm than constant-width configurations having equivalent total filter area. AgBufferBuilder can be used to bolster environmental performance of filter strips where runoff is spatially nonuniform. The AgBufferBuilder tool is publicly available on the websites http://www2.ca.uky.edu/BufferBuilder and http://nac.unl.edu/tools/ AgBufferBuilder. Key words: digital elevation model-nonpoint pollution-precision conservation-terrain analysis-vegetative buffer-water qualityVegetative filter strips are installed along margins of crop fields to protect and improve water quality in agricultural watersheds. Filter strips reduce the load of sediment, nutrients, and other pollutants that reach waterways by slowing overland runoff flow from fields and promoting sediment deposition. Typically, they are designed to have a constant width (in the direction of water flow) along a field margin and for field runoff to be uniformly dispersed into and across the entire filter strip (NRCS 2013). Several methods have been developed for determining appropriate widths for filter strips treating spatially uniform runoff (Wong and McCuen 1982; Flanagan et al. 1989; Nieswand et al. 1990;Dillaha and Hayes 1991;Suwandono et al. 1999; NRCS 2007;Dosskey et al. 2008).In many situations, however, overland runoff is not uniformly distributed and instead moves as concentrated flow to and across only portions of a field margin (Dillaha et al. 1986(Dillaha et al. , 1989Fabis et al. 1993;Dosskey et al. 2002;Pankau et al. 2012). A constant-width filter strip is less effective under these conditions than if the flow is uniform (Dickey and Vanderholm 1981;Dillaha et al. 1988Dillaha et al. , 1989Daniels and Gilliam 1996;. For example, a study of farms in ea...

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Vegetative Filter Treatment of Livestock Feedlot Runoff

Cited by 57 publications

References 3 publications

Riparian pasture retirement effects on sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channellised surface run‐off from pastures

Riparian pasture retirement effects on sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channellised surface run‐off from pastures

Retention of Water and Sediment by Grass Strips

AgBufferBuilder: A geographic information system (GIS) tool for precision design and performance assessment of filter strips

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