Riparian pasture retirement effects on sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channellised surface run‐off from pastures

Smith, Christine M.

doi:10.1080/00288330.1989.9516349

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Given the same nitrate input, a riparian shaded stream will have less uptake of nitrate into algal biomass, resulting in higher streamwater nitrate concentrations. This effect may be counteracted to some extent by increased nutrient uptake by heterotrophs (bacteria and fungi) associated with decomposition of greater amounts of leaf litter from riparian vegetation (Mulholland et al 1985) and, possibly, lower nutrient input to the stream because of enhanced uptake in a suitably designed riparian vegetated buffer strip (Smith 1989;Lowrance et al 1995). Nutrient uptake associated with the in-stream decay of a variety of riparian leaf litter types is part of a current study using these experimental channels.…”

Section: Shade Effects On Periphytonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shade effects on stream periphyton and invertebrates: An experiment in streamside channels

Quinn

Cooper

Stroud

et al. 1997

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

100

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The effects of shade on periphyton and invertebrates were investigated by comparisons in 12 replicate channels beside a pasture stream where shade cloth reduced the photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) by 0, 60, 90, and 98%. Periphytic productivity decreased with increasing shade. Periphyton chlorophyll a was consistently low (< 30 mg m -2 ) under 98 and 90% shade and usually low at 60% shade, whereas blooms were common during summer in the unshaded channels. More periphytic taxa occurred in the open than shaded channels and the relative concentration of the photoprotective pigment beta-carotene decreased with increasing shade. Nitrate uptake rates by periphyton, measured in separate chamber studies, decreased progressively as shade increased from 60% through 90% to 98%, and were more strongly correlated with gross primary productivity than periphyton chlorophyll a and particulate carbon levels. Total invertebrate and chironomid densities declined significantly as shade increased from 60 to 90% and invertebrate taxa richness declined markedly between 90 and 98% shade. Most collector-browsing invertebrates (other than chironomids) had similar densities under 0-90% shade and only declined at 98%. This suggests a weak coupling of these invertebrates with local M96078

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Section: Shade Effects On Periphytonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shade effects on stream periphyton and invertebrates: An experiment in streamside channels

Quinn

Cooper

Stroud

et al. 1997

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

100

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“…One of the primary goals is to reduce P loadings to the lake by 20% from 1994 values by the year 2002, using a range of BMPs. One of the principal BMPs identified that has been applied and effective elsewhere in New Zealand is riparian management (Smith 1989;Collier et al 1995;Williamson et al 1996). Recent BMPs implemented by ORC include stream bank erosion protection works using rock in selected locations along the lower reaches of Mill Creek.…”

Section: Caruso-phosphorus In a High-country Catchmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability of stream phosphorus in a New Zealand high‐country agricultural catchment

Caruso¹

2000

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Spatial and temporal variability of stream total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and loadings was evaluated over a year in a high-country agricultural catchment. One storm event was also sampled at the inflow to a lake. An upland tributary had the highest median concentration (0.064 mg T 1 ), but the maximum (0.614 mg I" 1 ) occurred at the inflow during the storm. Values near the lake surface were low but increased with depth in summer. There was a large difference between two streams, and values exceeded water quality guidelines in several locations. Seasonality in concentrations was not evident. Mean and median loadings at the inflow were approximately 7000 and 680 g day -1 , respectively, and the maximum was 81 540 g day -1 during the storm. TP loadings to the lake during a synoptic survey were 470 g day -1 or 13 g km -2 day -1 . The lower half of the catchment contributed 72% of the loading to the lake. Baseflow, snowmelt, and one storm accounted for 47%, 30%, and 23%, respectively, of the total annual loading. Fertiliser, livestock waste, and trampling of stream banks by livestock contribute to the problem and can be minimised though use of best management practices in areas identified in this study.

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“…Planting fenced riparian zones with shrubs provides shade for streams, thereby improving stream habitat quality by inhibiting macrophyte and periphyton growth and resulting in cooler waters with reduced diurnal variation in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH (Wilcock & Nagels 2001). Ungrazed pasture within fenced riparian areas filters particulate contaminants from surface runoff (Smith 1989;Quinn et al 1993), whereas protected marginal wetlands can intercept and attenuate nitrate and phosphate in groundwater (Cooper 1990;Quinn et al 1993;Casey & Klaine 2001;Flite et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian protection and on‐farm best management practices for restoration of a lowland stream in an intensive dairy farming catchment: A case study

Wilcock

Betteridge

Shearman

et al. 2009

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Poor water quality (high concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), suspended solids (SS), and faecal bacteria) in Waiokura Stream, southern Taranaki, New Zealand, is attributed to diffuse and point source (PS) inputs from dairy farming. Trend analysis of concentration timeseries data (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) and annual yields (i.e., stream load divided by catchment area) showed that significant improvements occurring since 2001 may be attributed to changes in farming practices and riparian management. Yields of filterable reactive P, total P and SS declined by 25-40% as a result of increased riparian protection, a reduction in dairy shed effluent (DSE) pond discharges from 8 to 6 with conversion to land irrigation, and a 25% reduction in the average application rate of P fertiliser. Median annual Escherichia coli concentrations declined at a rate of 116 per 100 ml per year, as a result of fewer PS discharges and improved riparian management. Thus, improvements in stream water quality were attributed to adoption of on-farm best management practices, fewer DSE discharges and riparian management involving permanent livestock exclusion from stream banks and riparian planting to mitigate runoff from pasture. During 2001-06, N fertiliser use increased by 30% and, with a 130% increase in supplementary cattle feed during 2003-08, led to an increase in average milk solids production 1021 to 1262 kg ha -1 during 2001-06 with the increased production likely associated with increased N leaching losses. Total N and nitrate-N concentrations and yields increased during 2001-07 as a result of the intensification in land use and increased N cycling. Stream invertebrate surveys using the macroinvertebrate community index (MCI) metric showed little improvement in MCI during 2002-07, probably because of the relatively short timeframe of this study and because water temperatures were not a limiting factor for invertebrate communities. The absence of native forest streams in the proximity of Waiokura Stream that might act as sources of sensitive species to recolonise the restored stream should also be considered as a constraint to improvements in biological community structure.

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Riparian pasture retirement effects on sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channellised surface run‐off from pastures

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Shade effects on stream periphyton and invertebrates: An experiment in streamside channels

Shade effects on stream periphyton and invertebrates: An experiment in streamside channels

Spatial and temporal variability of stream phosphorus in a New Zealand high‐country agricultural catchment

Riparian protection and on‐farm best management practices for restoration of a lowland stream in an intensive dairy farming catchment: A case study

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