Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease

Kahleová, Hana; Levin, Susan; Barnard, Neal D.

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.05.002

Cited by 186 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The dietary pattern may present anti-inflammatory characteristics, as in the case of the Mediterranean diet, or pro-inflammatory, such as Western diet, contributing to the prevention or development of CNCD [1,3,4,13]. This difference is due to the nutritional composition of these food patterns, the first one characterized by the high content of anti-inflammatory nutrients and antioxidants, and the second by excessive consumption of foods of animal origin, sources of saturated fat and cholesterol, responsible for changes in the lipid profile [56]. The pro-inflammatory diet activates the immune system (with secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) and increases the expression of adhesion molecules, with consequent inflammatory process in vascular tissue [18,49,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Inflammatory Index is Associated with Excessive Body Weight and Dietary Patterns in Subjects with Cardiometabolic Risk

Meneguelli¹,

Hinkelmann²,

Novaes³

et al. 2019

JFNR

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Unhealthy eating habits can trigger chronic inflammation in organs and tissues, and subsequent cardiovascular risk. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII™) score with cardiometabolic risk factors and a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns in adults and elderly Brazilians (42 ± 16 years) from a health care program. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 248 individuals (138 women and 110 men) from a Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (PROCARDIO-UFV, ReBEC ID number: RBR-5n4y2g). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, lifestyle and anthropometric data were assessed by standardized protocols. DII scores were calculated from a 24 h-recall, and dietary patterns were determined by a posteriori method, as Principal Component Analysis (PAC), and a priori method, as Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The mean DII was 0.15 ± 0.84. The subjects included in the most pro-inflammatory category(3rd tertile) were more likely to be individuals with excessive body weight, increased waist-to-hip ratio and lower quality diet assessed by PAC and HEI. The most pro-inflammatory diet was associated with excessive body weight as well as other worse dietary patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Inflammatory Index is Associated with Excessive Body Weight and Dietary Patterns in Subjects with Cardiometabolic Risk

Meneguelli¹,

Hinkelmann²,

Novaes³

et al. 2019

JFNR

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“…However, in the past few decades, research on the health effects of meat-abstention has become increasingly contradictory. For example, despite the fact that animal products, such as red meat (e.g., beef or lamb), provide a wide range of essential nutrients and bioactive substances (Neumann et al 2003(Neumann et al , 2007Williams 2007), researchers reported potential health benefits associated with avoiding meat and that vegetarian diets may be used to prevent or treat disease (Kahleova, Levin, and Barnard 2018;Key et al 1999;Singh, Sabat e, and Fraser 2003;Tong et al 2019;Viguiliouk et al 2019). As a consequence, the 2016 Position Statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics stated, "appropriately planned vegetarian, including vegan, diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits for the prevention and treatment of certain diseases" (Melina, Craig, andLevin 2016, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat and mental health: a systematic review of meat abstention and depression, anxiety, and related phenomena

Dobersek

Adkins

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Objective: To examine the relation between the consumption or avoidance of meat and psychological health and well-being. Methods: A systematic search of online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Medline, and Cochrane Library) was conducted for primary research examining psychological health in meatconsumers and meat-abstainers. Inclusion criteria were the provision of a clear distinction between meat-consumers and meat-abstainers, and data on factors related to psychological health. Studies examining meat consumption as a continuous or multi-level variable were excluded. Summary data were compiled, and qualitative analyses of methodologic rigor were conducted. The main outcome was the disparity in the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and related conditions in meat-consumers versus meat-abstainers. Secondary outcomes included mood and self-harm behaviors. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria; representing 160,257 participants (85,843 females and 73,232 males) with 149,559 meat-consumers and 8584 meat-abstainers (11 to 96 years) from multiple geographic regions. Analysis of methodologic rigor revealed that the studies ranged from low to severe risk of bias with high to very low confidence in results. Eleven of the 18 studies demonstrated that meat-abstention was associated with poorer psychological health, four studies were equivocal, and three showed that meat-abstainers had better outcomes. The most rigorous studies demonstrated that the prevalence or risk of depression and/or anxiety were significantly greater in participants who avoided meat consumption. Conclusion: Studies examining the relation between the consumption or avoidance of meat and psychological health varied substantially in methodologic rigor, validity of interpretation, and confidence in results. The majority of studies, and especially the higher quality studies, showed that those who avoided meat consumption had significantly higher rates or risk of depression, anxiety, and/or self-harm behaviors. There was mixed evidence for temporal relations, but study designs and a lack of rigor precluded inferences of causal relations. Our study does not support meat avoidance as a strategy to benefit psychological health.

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“…As a common, real-world dietary pattern, the vegetarian diet is an attractive target for study. Previous studies have suggested that vegetarian diets are associated with reduced risks of obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and some types of cancer due to their higher contents of unsaturated fat, ber, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E and many phytochemicals [1][2][3][4]. Moreover, because of the relatively lower intake and unique source of protein, a vegetarian diet may theoretically have some potential effects on renal function [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy adult vegetarians have better renal function than matched omnivores: a cross sectional study in China.

Cui

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: An appropriate diet is an important determinant of kidney health. However, the association between vegetarian diets and renal function is unclear. We aimed to study the association between vegetarian diets and renal function in healthy adults. Methods: A total of 269 vegetarians and 269 sex- and age-matched nonvegetarian omnivores were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Basic characteristics and daily dietary intakes were assessed by face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were collected, and renal function was assessed by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), uric acid (UA) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profiles were also assessed.Results: The average age of the vegetarians was 35.4±8.6 years, 82.2% of whom were female. We evaluated the association between vegetarian diets and renal function using multivariate analysis. Compared with omnivores, vegetarians had lower BUN [β= -0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.88 , -0.38)], SCr [β= -2.04, 95% CI:(-4.10, 0.02)], and UA levels [β= -15.15, 95% CI: (-27.81, -2.50)] and higher eGFRs [β= 4.04, 95% CI: (0.30, 7.78)] after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), systolic pressure and fasting blood glucose. Further analysis of food composition and renal function showed that dietary fiber intake was significantly negatively associated with BUN [β= -0.02, 95% CI: (-0.03, 0.00)], SCr [β= -0.14, 95% CI: (-0.25, 0.04)], and UA levels [β= -0.72, 95% CI: (-1.36, 0.07)] and positively associated with the eGFR [β= 0.20, 95% CI: (0.00, 0.40)]. Conclusions: Healthy adult vegetarians have better renal function than omnivores, and the higher dietary fiber intake associated with vegetarian diets may contribute to the protective effect on renal function.

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Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 186 publications

References 132 publications

Dietary Inflammatory Index is Associated with Excessive Body Weight and Dietary Patterns in Subjects with Cardiometabolic Risk

Dietary Inflammatory Index is Associated with Excessive Body Weight and Dietary Patterns in Subjects with Cardiometabolic Risk

Meat and mental health: a systematic review of meat abstention and depression, anxiety, and related phenomena

Healthy adult vegetarians have better renal function than matched omnivores: a cross sectional study in China.

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