Vegetable Oil–Maleic Anhydride and Maleimide Derivatives: Syntheses and Properties

Improving Mechanical Properties of PLA/Starch Blends Using Masterbatch Containing Vegetable Oil Based Active Ingredients

“…The main component of castor oil is ricinoleic acid which has a hydroxyl group in addition to the double bond [ 16 ]. The hydroxyl group allows maleic anhydride to be incorporated into the molecule, it allows the chemical modification of castor oil through esterification of this functional group to maleated half esters [ 17 ]. Most sunflower oils are basically linoleic acid, which have more double bonds than ricinoleic acid or oleic acid [ 18 ].…”

“…Most sunflower oils are basically linoleic acid, which have more double bonds than ricinoleic acid or oleic acid [ 18 ]. With 1 mole of unconjugated linoleic acid, maleic anhydride can form an “ene” adduct resulting in the formation of a conjugated diene, which can be further functionalized by Diels-Alder synthesis [ 17 ]. The main component of rapeseed oil is oleic acid, which has no hydroxyl group and contains less C-C double bonds than linoleic acid [ 19 ].…”

“…The main component of rapeseed oil is oleic acid, which has no hydroxyl group and contains less C-C double bonds than linoleic acid [ 19 ]. Oleic acid is reacted with maleic anhydride according to the “ene” reaction mechanism [ 17 , 20 ]. Since both rapeseed oil and sunflower oil can be found in both major components, the Diels-Alder and “ene” reaction mechanism may have occurred in both oils.…”

“…Most sun oils are basically linoleic acid, which have more double bonds than ricinoleic acid o acid [18]. With 1 mole of unconjugated linoleic acid, maleic anhydride can form an adduct resulting in the formation of a conjugated diene, which can be further func ized by Diels-Alder synthesis [17]. The main component of rapeseed oil is oleic acid has no hydroxyl group and contains less C-C double bonds than linoleic acid [19 acid is reacted with maleic anhydride according to the "ene" reaction mechanism Since both rapeseed oil and sunflower oil can be found in both major componen Diels-Alder and "ene" reaction mechanism may have occurred in both oils.…”

Metal-Free Click Modification of Triple Bond-Containing Polyester with Azide-Functionalized Vegetable Oil: Plasticization and Tunable Solvent Adsorption

“…The ever-increasing environmental pollution problems associated with the use of petroleum-based resources for the manufacturing of plastic materials and the depletion of fossil raw materials gave rise to the concept of Green Chemistry at the end of the 1990s and have prompted researchers to seek safe and sustainable alternatives. − Biobased renewable building blocks such as vegetable oils, starch, cardanol, lignin, rosin, furan, terpenes, and so on are promising candidates for the preparation of thermoplastic or thermoset polymers. Among them, vegetable oils that are the triglycerides of fatty acids with glycerol, are one of the most preferred and prominent feedstocks because of their high abundance, low cost, and inherent biodegradable nature and are suitable for modification by many different chemical routes. − Although vegetable oils can be used for functionalization, derivatization, and polymer preparation without disturbing the triglyceride structure; glycerol, monoglyceride, diglyceride, or fatty acids can be used for the same goal. Indeed, plant oil-based alkyd resins that are prepared by using monoglycerides have been used as binders for paints and coatings for about 100 years …”