Keywords gas oil · hydrodesulphurization · hydrodearomatization · NiMo · noble metal catalyst
IntroductionThe quantity requirements for high quality middle distillates (diesel fuel and JET) continuously increased in the last decade, especially in the European Union. Figure 1 shows that the increase in consumption of diesel fuel was more than 30% in the time period of 1999-2007, and this tendency was interrupted by the world economy crisis [1]. At the same time, the consumption for motor gasoline considerably decreased.
Due to the increasing
volume of air transportation, the demand
for jet fuels has grown significantly in the past decade. Hydrocarbon
processing companies and different research groups began investigating
the possible production routes of suitable kerosene fractions in order
to produce fuel for jet engines not only on a crude oil basis but
also from alternative sources, too. The Carbon Offset and Reduction
Scheme for International Aviation program will be started in the near
future with the target to decrease the carbon dioxide emissions of
aviation significantly. This carbon dioxide reduction can only be
achieved when using jet fuels derived from alternative sources. The
aim of this experimental work was to study the catalytic conversion
of waste coconut oil which was mixed in straight-run kerosene fractions
at 10, 30, and 50% to produce an alternative component containing
jet fuel at various process parameters (temperature = 280–360
°C, liquid hourly space velocity = 1.0–3.0 h–1, pressure = 30 bar, hydrogen/feedstock volume ratio = 600 N m3/m3) on a sulfided nickel molybdenum/alumina catalyst.
Based on the experimental results, the yield of the target product
changed between 65 and 95% depending on the rate of desulfurization,
deoxygenation, and aromatic saturation. The target products had a
very high smoke point (>40 mm) resulting in very low particle emissions
during the use of this biojet fuel.
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