Vat photopolymerization of polymers and polymer composites: Processes and applications

Rashid, Ans Al; Ahmed, Waqas; Khalid, Muhammad Yasir; Koç, Muammer

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102279

Cited by 101 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…SLA, a VP technology prints prototypes, products, or patterns via a laser emitting diode to polymerize acrylate photocurable resins. [99] The 4DPed objects developed this technique possess a fine surface finish due to ultraviolet (UV) light. [100,101] This process is favorable to develop highly precise and high-quality surface finish products.…”

Section: D Printing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

Khalid

Arif

Ahmed

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Shape-memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D-printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape-memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real-world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future.

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Section: D Printing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

Khalid

Arif

Ahmed

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…To tackle the problem of erosion, the polymeric coatings were modified with fillers; the important considerations for the selection of fillers are the properties of the filler, the particle size distribution, the ease of dispersion, good suspension in the coating solution, and rheological effects. The modification of composites by suitable fillers has resulted in the enhancement of mechanical and erosive characteristics; in some cases, it has also incorporated other distinctive characteristics, such as magnetic qualities and conductance to electricity or heat [51][52][53]. Some research works have reported on the use of hard ceramics to achieve surfaces with individual improvements in erosion resistance [54,55].…”

Section: Research On Erosion Resistance Using Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Wear and Anti-Erosive Properties of Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites: A Critical Review of Findings and Needs

et al. 2022

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Erosion caused by the repeated impact of particles on the surface of a substance is a common wear method resulting in the gradual and continual loss of affected objects. It is a crucial problem in several modern industries because the surfaces of various products and materials are frequently subjected to destructively erosive situations. Polymers and their hybrid materials are suitable, in powdered form, for use as coatings in several different applications. This review paper aims to provide extensive information on the erosion behaviors of thermoset and thermoplastic neat resin and their hybrid material composites. Specific attention is paid to the influence of the properties of selected materials and to impingement parameters such as the incident angle of the erodent, the impact velocity of the erodent, the nature of the erodent, and the erosion mechanism. The review further extends the information available about the erosion techniques and numerical simulation methods used for wear studies of surfaces. An investigation was carried out to allow researchers to explore the available selection of materials and methods in terms of the conditions and parameters necessary to meet current and future needs and challenges, in technologically advanced industries, relating to the protection of surfaces. During the review, which was conducted on the findings in the literature of the past fifty years, it was noted that the thermoplastic nature of composites is a key component in determining their anti-wear properties; moreover, composites with lower glass transition, higher ductility, and greater crystallinity provide better protection against erosion in advanced surface applications.

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“…The elaboration of polymers by photochemical means, such as free radical photopolymerization (FRP) and cationic photopolymerization (CP), have been mainly based on the use of metal-free organic dyes and photoinitiators at the industrial and academic levels [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], and these synthetic processes (FRP and CP) are widely used in different fields, e.g., dentistry [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], adhesives [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], coatings [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], composites [ 34 ], medicine [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], direct laser write, 3D and 4D printing [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], etc. On the other hand, organometallic compounds are not really used in industry; in other words, manufac...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators for the Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs)

et al. 2022

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This work is devoted to the study of two copper complexes (Cu) bearing pyridine ligands, which were synthesized, evaluated and tested as new visible light photoinitiators for the free radical photopolymerization (FRP) of acrylates functional groups in thick and thin samples upon light-emitting diodes (LED) at 405 and 455 nm irradiation. These latter wavelengths are considered to be safe to produce polymer materials. The photoinitiation abilities of these organometallic compounds were evaluated in combination with an iodonium (Iod) salt and/or amine (e.g., N-phenylglycine—NPG). Interestingly, high final conversions and high polymerization rates were obtained for both compounds using two and three-component photoinitiating systems (Cu1 (or Cu2)/Iodonium salt (Iod) (0.1%/1% w/w) and Cu1 (or Cu2)/Iod/amine (0.1%/1%/1% w/w/w)). The new proposed copper complexes were also used for direct laser write experiments involving a laser diode at 405 nm, and for the photocomposite synthesis with glass fibers using a UV-conveyor at 395 nm. To explain the obtained polymerization results, different methods and characterization techniques were used: steady-state photolysis, real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR), emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.

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Vat photopolymerization of polymers and polymer composites: Processes and applications

Cited by 101 publications

References 102 publications

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

Anti-Wear and Anti-Erosive Properties of Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites: A Critical Review of Findings and Needs

Novel Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators for the Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs)

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