Vascularizing engineered tissues for in vivo and in vitro applications

George, Steven C.

doi:10.1533/9780857096715.2.283

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Although some degree of success has been achieved in mimicking the morphological and functional features of native myocardium in vitro , 143 vascularization and angiogenesis still remain the two limiting factors in the application of tissue engineered cardiac constructs. 64,144–146 Moreover, because of the relative thickness of the cardiac tissue constructs (more than a few millimeters) as compared to a cell sheet, transport of nutrients, oxygen, and other essential factors via diffusion is very limited.…”

Section: Bioreactors For Promoting Cell Differentiation Functionamentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Early Functional Perfusion and Structure in Tissue Engineered Cardiac Constructs

Wang

Patnaik

Brazile

et al. 2015

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

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Myocardial infarction (MI) causes massive heart muscle death and remains a leading cause of death in the world. Cardiac tissue engineering aims to replace the infarcted tissues with functional engineered heart muscles or revitalize the infarcted heart by delivering cells, bioactive factors, and/or biomaterials. One major challenge of cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration is the establishment of functional perfusion and structure to achieve timely angiogenesis and effective vascularization, which are essential to the survival of thick implants and the integration of repaired tissue with host heart. In this paper, we review four major approaches to promoting angiogenesis and vascularization in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration: delivery of pro-angiogenic factors/molecules, direct cell implantation/cell sheet grafting, fabrication of prevascularized cardiac constructs, and the use of bioreactors to promote angiogenesis and vascularization. We further provide a detailed review and discussion on the early perfusion design in nature-derived biomaterials, synthetic biodegradable polymers, tissue-derived acellular scaffolds/whole hearts, and hydrogel derived from extracellular matrix. A better understanding of the current approaches and their advantages, limitations, and hurdles could be useful for developing better materials for future clinical applications.

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Section: Bioreactors For Promoting Cell Differentiation Functionamentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Early Functional Perfusion and Structure in Tissue Engineered Cardiac Constructs

Wang

Patnaik

Brazile

et al. 2015

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

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“…1,2 Despite enormous progress, the field has not created the necessary solutions to meet the ever increasing need for larger cell-dense (*10 8 cells/mL) 3,4 tissues and organs (e.g., cardiac muscle, liver, and kidney). [5][6][7] Tissue engineering approaches toward 3D tissue constructs have generally focused on the use of porous, absorbable biomaterials to support and regulate cell function. [8][9][10] This approach generally limits the size of the constructs to no more than *200 mm in cell-dense tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Engineering the Vascular Tree

Traore

George

2017

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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A major hurdle in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine remains the design and construction of larger (> 1 cm) in vitro tissues for biological studies and transplantation. While there has been success in creating three-dimensional (3D) capillary networks, relatively large arteries (diameter >3-5 mm), and more recently small arteries (diameter 500 μm-1 mm), there has been no success in the creation of a living dynamic blood vessel network comprising of arterioles (diameter 40-300 μm), capillaries, and venules. Such a network would provide the foundation to supply nutrients and oxygen to all surrounding cells for larger tissues and organs that require a hierarchical vascular supply. In this study, we describe the different technologies and methods that have been employed in an effort to create individual vessels and networks of vessels to support engineered tissues for in vivo and in vitro applications. A special focus is placed on the generation of blood vessels with average dimensions that span from microns (capillaries) to a millimeter (large arterioles). We also identify major challenges while exploring new opportunities to create model systems of the entire vascular tree, including arterioles and venules.

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