Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease:

Breteler, Monique M.B.

doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(99)00110-4

Cited by 609 publications

(433 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…LDLR itself is expressed in the brain, and while it has generally been considered to be less important functionally in the nervous system [13] than other LDLR family members, several recent studies have suggested that LDLR may affect brain function [11,12,19,23]. We therefore undertook a detailed behavioral analysis of LDLR-/-mice and in addition given the interest in serum cholesterol as a possible risk factor for the cognitive dysfunction seen in AD [3,5,28], we used the fact that serum cholesterol levels can be modulated by diet in LDLR-/-mice [31] to examine the effects of systemic hypercholesterolemia on behavioral function as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypercholesterolemia has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for developing the memory impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [3,5,28]. In addition, a prior study reported that LDLR-/-mice exhibited impaired spatial memory in the Morris water maze [23].…”

Section: Morris Water Mazementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, hypercholesterolemia itself has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for brain disease. In particular, elevated serum cholesterol has been suggested to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) [3,5,21,28]. Why hypercholesterolemia might promote AD is not understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased locomotor activity in mice lacking the low-density lipoprotein receptor

Elder

Ragnauth

Dorr

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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While the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is best known for its role in regulating serum cholesterol, LDLR is expressed in brain, suggesting that it may play a role in CNS function as well. Here, using mice with a null mutation in LDLR (LDLR-/-), we investigated whether the absence of LDLR affects a series of behavioral functions. We also utilized the fact that plasma cholesterol levels can be regulated in LDLR-/-mice by manipulating dietary cholesterol to investigate whether elevated plasma cholesterol might independently affect behavioral performance. LDLR-/-mice showed no major deficits in general sensory or motor function. However, LDLR-/-mice exhibited increased locomotor activity in an open field test without evidence of altered anxiety in either an open field or a light/dark emergence test. By contrast, modulating dietary cholesterol produced only isolated effects. While both C57BL/6J and LDLR-/-mice fed a high cholesterol diet showed increased anxiety in a light/dark task, and LDLR-/-mice fed a high cholesterol diet exhibited longer target latencies in the probe trial of the Morris water maze, no other findings supported a general effect of cholesterol on anxiety or spatial memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morris Water Mazementioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased locomotor activity in mice lacking the low-density lipoprotein receptor

Elder

Ragnauth

Dorr

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…It is possible that homocysteine levels contribute to vascular disease through a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells [36]. Supporting this notion are studies that show a relation between vascular disease and AD [37][38][39]. Homocysteine, however, has also been shown to be a risk factor in patients with neuropathologically confirmed AD without significant cerebrovascular disease or atherosclerosis [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Corrada

Kawas

Hallfrisch

et al. 2005

Alzheimer's & Dementia

135

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Background-Study findings have suggested an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and several vitamins and have speculated about their use as preventive agents. Here, we examine whether total intake (intake from diet plus supplements) of antioxidant vitamins (E, C, carotenoids) and B vitamins (folate, B 6 , and B 12 ) is associated with a reduced risk of AD.Methods-Participants were 579 nondemented elderly volunteers from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who completed dietary diaries and recorded supplement intake for a 7-day period. Cox regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of AD associated with total vitamin intake categorized into levels above or below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).Results-After a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, AD developed in 57 participants. Higher intake of folate (RR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22 to 0.76), vitamin E (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.06), and vitamin B 6 (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.84) were associated individually with a decreased risk of AD after adjusting for age, gender, education, and caloric intake. When these 3 vitamins were analyzed together, only total intake of folate at or above the RDA (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.97) was associated with a significant decreased risk of AD. No association was found between total intake of vitamins C, carotenoids, or vitamin B 12 and risk of AD.Conclusions-These findings suggest that total intake of folate at or above the RDA is associated with a reduced risk of AD. Additional studies are necessary to further investigate whether folate or other(s) unmeasured factor(s) may be responsible for this reduction in risk.

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“…[2] Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a biomarker which is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate potential hepatic or biliary disease, has been shown to be associated with a wide range of vascular disease outcomes. [7][8][9] Since vascular disease is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, [10] serum levels of GGT might increase the risk of dementia. Given the pro-oxidant and proinflammatory properties of GGT [11] and similar pathways implicated for the development of dementia, [3,4] we hypothesized that GGT will be associated with an increased risk of dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of future dementia in middle‐aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study

Kunutsor

Laukkanen

2016

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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. Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of future dementia in middle-aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study. Alzheimer's and Dementia, 12(9) Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Elsevier at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1552526016301819. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol -Explore Bristol Research General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms

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Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease:

Cited by 609 publications

References 92 publications

Increased locomotor activity in mice lacking the low-density lipoprotein receptor

Increased locomotor activity in mice lacking the low-density lipoprotein receptor

Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of future dementia in middle‐aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study

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