Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of future dementia in middle‐aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study

Kunutsor, Setor K; Laukkanen, Jari A.

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.003

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Furthermore, higher GGT has been linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged and older adults independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors (Kunutsor & Laukkanen, 2016). ALT was not associated with academic achievement in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Increased liver enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) as markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been found to be integral part of MetS in children (Viitasalo et al, 2012b), but there are no previous studies on their associations with cognition or academic achievement in children. However, increased concentration of GGT have been found to increase risk of dementia in older adults (Kunutsor & Laukkanen, 2016). Furthermore, NAFLD has been linked to decreased brain volumes and cerebral blood flow in middle-aged adults (VanWagner et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediating effects of motor performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour on the associations of adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with academic achievement in children

Haapala

Lintu

Eloranta

et al. 2018

Journal of Sports Sciences

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We investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors with academic achievement and whether motor performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour mediated these associations. Altogether 175 children 6-8 years-of-age participated in the study. We assessed body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, leptin, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Reading fluency, reading comprehension, and arithmetic skills were assessed using standardized tests. Speed/agility, balance, and manual dexterity test results were used to calculate motor performance score and physical activity was assessed by combined heart rate and movement sensor and cardiorespiratory fitness by maximal cycle ergometer test. In boys, BF% was inversely associated with reading fluency (β = -0.262, P = 0.007) and reading comprehension (β = -0.216, P = 0.025). Motor performance mediated these associations. Leptin was inversely related to reading fluency (β = -0.272, P = 0.006) and reading comprehension (β = -0.287, P = 0.003). The inverse association of leptin with reading fluency was mediated by motor performance. In girls, GGT was inversely associated with reading fluency independent of confounders (β = -0.325, P = 0.007). The inverse association of BF% with academic achievement among boys was largely explained by motor performance. Leptin in boys and GGT in girls were inversely associated with academic achievement independent of confounding factors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediating effects of motor performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour on the associations of adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with academic achievement in children

Haapala

Lintu

Eloranta

et al. 2018

Journal of Sports Sciences

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show abstract

“…GGT has recently been shown to be positively, log-linearly and independently associated with future risk of dementia in a populationbased cohort of 2415 apparently healthy men with good cognitive function at baseline from eastern Finland. 121 This association remained robust in several sensitivity analyses. Since mechanistic research provides strong support for inflammatory and oxidative processes in the etiogenesis of dementia, [122][123][124] it was proposed that GGT might contribute to the development of dementia via its pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant properties.…”

Section: Dementiamentioning

confidence: 78%

“…GGT has recently been shown to be positively, log‐linearly and independently associated with future risk of dementia in a population‐based cohort of 2415 apparently healthy men with good cognitive function at baseline from eastern Finland . This association remained robust in several sensitivity analyses.…”

Section: Prospective Associations Of Gamma‐glutamyltransferase With Vmentioning

confidence: 88%

Gamma‐glutamyltransferase—friend or foe within?

Kunutsor

2016

Liver International

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133

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Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme, which is located on the plasma membranes of most cells and organ tissues, but more commonly in hepatocytes, and is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate liver injury and as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption. Among the liver enzymes, important advances have especially been made in understanding the physiological functions of GGT. The primary role of GGT is the extracellular catabolism of glutathione, the major thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells, which plays a relevant role in protecting cells against oxidants produced during normal metabolism; GGT, therefore, plays an important role in cellular defence. Beyond its physiological functions, circulating serum GGT has been linked to a remarkable array of chronic conditions and diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, vascular and nonvascular diseases and mortality outcomes. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and genetic evidence for the associations between GGT and these adverse outcomes, the postulated biologic mechanisms underlying these associations, outlines areas of outstanding uncertainty and the implications for clinical practice. Circulating levels of these enzymes are markers of liver injury, associated with cellular integrity, or with conditions linked to the biliary tract and can be used to measure the severity of hepatic inflammation, cellular injury or obstruction.1 They are commonly used to identify patients with liver diseases and monitor the course and severity of these diseases and the effect of therapies.

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“…crafts, repairs, building, gardening, hunting, fishing, etc) and enables the assessment of all components of physical activity. [18] Prevalent coronary heart disease was defined as either a previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or the use of nitroglycerin for chest pain once a week or more frequently. Socio-economic status is a summary index that combines measures of income, education, occupation, occupational prestige, material standard of living, and housing conditions, all of which were assessed with self-reported questionnaires [14].…”

Section: Assessment Of Baseline Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged Finnish men

et al. 2016

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Background there are no previous studies linking repeated heat exposure of sauna and the risk of memory diseases. We aimed to investigate whether frequency of sauna bathing is associated with risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Setting prospective population-based study. Methods the frequency of sauna bathing was assessed at baseline in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease population-based prospective cohort study of 2,315 apparently healthy men aged 42–60 years at baseline, with baseline examinations conducted between 1984 and 1989. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia and Alzheimer's disease were ascertained using Cox-regression modelling with adjustment for potential confounders. Results during a median follow-up of 20.7 (interquartile range 18.1–22.6) years, a total of 204 and 123 diagnosed cases of dementia and Alzheimer's disease were respectively recorded. In analysis adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, Type 2 diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, resting heart rate and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with men with only 1 sauna bathing session per week, the HR for dementia was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.57–1.06) for 2–3 sauna bathing sessions per week and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.16–0.71) for 4–7 sauna bathing sessions per week. The corresponding HRs for Alzheimer's disease were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.53–1.20) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.14–0.90). Conclusion in this male population, moderate to high frequency of sauna bathing was associated with lowered risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are warranted to establish the potential mechanisms linking sauna bathing and memory diseases.

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Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of future dementia in middle‐aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Mediating effects of motor performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour on the associations of adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with academic achievement in children

Mediating effects of motor performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour on the associations of adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with academic achievement in children

Gamma‐glutamyltransferase—friend or foe within?

Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged Finnish men

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