Vascular retinal findings after COVID-19 vaccination in 11 cases: a coincidence or consequence?

Berra, Martín; Galperín, Gustavo; Berra, Federico; Marquez, Maria Isabel; Mandaradoni, Mariana; Tau, Julia; Berra, Alejandro

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20220017

ABO

2022

DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20220017

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Vascular retinal findings after COVID-19 vaccination in 11 cases: a coincidence or consequence?

Martín Berra¹,

Gustavo Galperín²,

Federico Berra³

et al.

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Cited by 4 publications

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Elucidating the Molecular Interactions between Lipids and Lysozyme: Evaporation Resistance and Bacterial Barriers for Dry Eye Disease

Lee,

Song,

Cho

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterized by ocular dryness and inflammation. The tear film lipid layer (TFLL) is the outermost layer composed of lipids and proteins that protect the ocular surface. However, environmental contaminants can disrupt its structure, potentially leading to DED. Although the importance of tear proteins in the TFLL functionality has been clinically recognized, the molecular mechanisms underlying TFLL–protein interactions remain unclear. In this study, we investigated tear protein–lipid interactions and analyzed their role in the TFLL functionality. The results show that lysozyme (LYZ) increases the stability of the TFLL by reducing its surface tension and increasing its surface pressure, resulting in increased TFLL evaporation and bacterial invasion resistance, with improved wettability and lubrication performance. These findings highlight the critical role of LYZ in maintaining ocular health and provide potential avenues for investigating novel approaches to DED treatment and patient well-being.

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Elucidating the Molecular Interactions between Lipids and Lysozyme: Evaporation Resistance and Bacterial Barriers for Dry Eye Disease

Lee,

Song,

Cho

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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Lysozyme Protects Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Inflammation in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

Song

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme found in tears that protects the eye against pathogens, on pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through corneal epithelial cells. Methods The expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The altered expression of the pro-inflammatory molecules induced by spike protein and lysozyme was analyzed by RT-PCR. Cell toxicity was tested by CCK8 assay. The cell entry of SAR-CoV-2 in HCECs and primary rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RbCECs) was detected by luciferase assay. Results ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were highly expressed in HCECs. The spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 stimulated a robust inflammatory response in HCECs, characterized by increased secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, including IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and MCP-1, and pretreatment with lysozyme in HCECs markedly decreased the production of proinflammatory molecules induced by spike proteins. In addition, the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α enhanced the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into HCECs, which can be mitigated by pretreatment with lysozyme. Conclusions In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility of human corneal epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggested the protective effects of lysozyme on SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Recent Advances in Hydrogels for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease

Cao

Wang

2022

Gels

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Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common clinical ocular surface disease. Given its multifactorial etiology, no consensus has been reached on the diagnosis criteria for dry eye disease. Topical drug administration remains the mainstay of treatment but is limited to the rapid clearance from the eye surface. To address these problems, hydrogel-based materials were designed to detect biomarkers or act as drug delivery systems by taking advantage of their good biocompatibility, excellent physical and mechanical properties, and long-term implant stability. Biosensors prepared using biocompatible hydrogels can be sensitive in diagnosing DED, and the designed hydrogels can also improve the drug bioavailability and retention time for more effective and long-term treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of hydrogels for diagnosing and treating dry eye, aiming to provide a novel reference for the eventual clinical translation of hydrogels in the context of dry eye disease.

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Vascular retinal findings after COVID-19 vaccination in 11 cases: a coincidence or consequence?

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Elucidating the Molecular Interactions between Lipids and Lysozyme: Evaporation Resistance and Bacterial Barriers for Dry Eye Disease

Elucidating the Molecular Interactions between Lipids and Lysozyme: Evaporation Resistance and Bacterial Barriers for Dry Eye Disease

Lysozyme Protects Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Inflammation in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

Recent Advances in Hydrogels for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease

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