Varied clinical morphology of HPV-1-induced warts, depending on anatomical factors

Egawa, Kiyofumi; Inaba, Y; Yoshimura, Kimio; Ono, Tomomichi

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00170.x

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is needless to say that, in addition to the HPV genotypes, there may be other factors such as regional, anatomical, immunological, and/or host-related ones that influence the expressions of histological and clinical characteristics of common warts [Egawa et al, 1993b]. Our results only revealed a possibility that there might be regional differences in distributions of HPV genotypes of common warts around the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis in a large sample of common warts in Japan

Hagiwara

Uezato

Arakaki

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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There have been no large-scale epidemiological studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution of common warts in Japan. A total of 213 patients with common warts (104 males and 109 females) in Japan were studied to detect HPV genotype distribution by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing analysis. The results were as follows: 94 HPV-1a (44.1%), 35 HPV-4 (16.4%), 30 HPV-65 (14.1%), 13 HPV-27 (6.1%), 13 HPV-2a (6.1%), 9 HPV-57b (4.22%), 3 HPV-16 (1.41%), 2 HPV-6a (0.94%), 2 HPV-63 (0.94%), and 1 case for each of HPV-3, -5, -5b, -7, -10, -21, -29, -47, -56, -57, -62, and -92 (0.47%, respectively). Four cases (1.88%) were found in which two different HPV types were detected within the lesions: one case of HPV-1a with HPV-16, one case of HPV-1a with HPV-65, one case of HPV-6a with HPV-8, and one case of HPV-65 with HPV-16. There were seven cases of mucosal types (3.3%), that is, two HPV-6a, three HPV-16, one HPV-56, and one HPV-62, and three cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)-related types (1.41%), that is, one HPV-5, one HPV-5b (both of which belonged to a high-risk group), and one HPV-47 (which belonged to a low-risk group). To date, this is the largest sequencing-based study of HPV for common warts in Japan. It is said that common warts are induced predominantly by HPV-2, -27, and -57 in European population. However, the present results showed that in Japan they were induced mostly by HPV-1, -4, and -65. This suggests that regional differences in HPV genotype distribution may exist between European and Japanese populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis in a large sample of common warts in Japan

Hagiwara

Uezato

Arakaki

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The ability to cause G 2 arrest extended to the E1 ∧ E4 protein of HPV11 but did not appear to be a characteristic of the full-length E1 ∧ E4 protein of HPV1. HPV11 infects mucosal epithelium like that of HPV16, whereas HPV1 never causes lesions at these sites (22). HPV1 is the primary cause of plantar warts and is evolutionarily distinct from the human mucosal papillomavirus types that cause genital lesions (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a G ₂ Arrest Domain in the E1∧E4 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16

Davy¹,

Jackson²,

Wang³

et al. 2002

J Virol

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Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is the most common cause of cervical carcinoma. Cervical cancer develops from low-grade lesions that support the productive stages of the virus life cycle. The 16E1 ∧ E4 protein is abundantly expressed in such lesions and can be detected in cells supporting vegetative viral genome amplification. Using an inducible mammalian expression system, we have shown that 16E1 ∧ E4 arrests HeLa cervical epithelial cells in G 2 . 16E1 ∧ E4 also caused a G 2 arrest in SiHa, Saos-2 and Saccharomyces pombe cells and, as with HeLa cells, was found in the cytoplasm. However, whereas 16E1 ∧ E4 is found on the keratin networks in HeLa and SiHa cells, in Saos-2 and S. pombe cells that lack keratins, 16E1 ∧ E4 had a punctate distribution. Mutagenesis studies revealed a proline-rich region between amino acids 17 and 45 of 16E1 ∧ E4 to be important for arrest. This region, which we have termed the "arrest domain," contains a putative nuclear localization signal, a cyclin-binding motif, and a single cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) phosphorylation site. A single point mutation in the putative Cdk phosphorylation site (T23A) abolished 16E1 ∧ E4-mediated G 2 arrest. Arrest did not involve proteins regulating the phosphorylation state of Cdc2 and does not appear to involve the activation of the DNA damage or incomplete replication checkpoint. G 2 arrest was also mediated by the E1 ∧ E4 protein of HPV11, a low-risk mucosal HPV type that also causes cervical lesions. The E1 ∧ E4 protein of HPV1, which is more distantly related to that of HPV16, did not cause G 2 arrest. We conclude that, like other papillomavirus proteins, 16E1 ∧ E4 affects cell cycle progression and that it targets a conserved component of the cell cycle machinery.Papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that infect the epithelial tissue of a wide range of vertebrates, including humans (47). Infection begins in cells of the basal layer, with the productive stages of the virus life cycle being initiated as these infected cells migrate toward the epithelial surface. In this way, the virus life cycle is tightly linked to the differentiation of the epithelium, which makes human papillomaviruses (HPVs) difficult to study in the laboratory (37). More than 200 papillomavirus types have been identified (12). These share a common organization of their ϳ8-kb genomes but differ in the types of epithelium they infect and the pathologies that each virus causes (47). Infection occurs at cutaneous epithelial sites, i.e., the skin, for viruses such as HPV type 1 (HPV1) or at mucosal sites (e.g., the anogenital tract or the cervix) for viruses such as HPV11 and HPV16 (47). HPVs are additionally classified from low to high risk, with low-risk viruses such as HPV11 (and HPV1) being associated solely with benign lesions (often known as warts), whereas lesions caused by highrisk viruses such as HPV16 can progress to malignancy (47). HPV16 is the most prevalent high-risk virus and is the most common causative agent of cervical cancers (68).Although the 16E1 ∧ E4 ...

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“…Detection system types include cloning and sequencing, reverse hybridization assay, reverse line blot assay, and DNA microarray. [118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] These HPV detection systems can establish a diagnosis when histology alone is not fully informative. From the plethora of cutaneotropic HPVs in a wart, especially in EV and organ transplant recipients, the detection of HPV-5, -8, -14, -17, -20, -22, or -47 can help predict the development of skin cancer.…”

Section: Significance Of Hpv Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized verrucosis: A review of the associated diseases, evaluation, and treatments

Sri

Dubina

Kao

et al. 2012

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Varied clinical morphology of HPV-1-induced warts, depending on anatomical factors

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

A genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis in a large sample of common warts in Japan

A genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis in a large sample of common warts in Japan

Identification of a G ₂ Arrest Domain in the E1∧E4 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16

Generalized verrucosis: A review of the associated diseases, evaluation, and treatments

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Varied clinical morphology of HPV-1-induced warts, depending on anatomical factors

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

A genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis in a large sample of common warts in Japan

A genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis in a large sample of common warts in Japan

Identification of a G 2 Arrest Domain in the E1∧E4 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16

Generalized verrucosis: A review of the associated diseases, evaluation, and treatments

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Identification of a G ₂ Arrest Domain in the E1∧E4 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16