Variáveis facilitadoras na produção de palavras: dados de fala de crianças com Transtorno Fonológico

Abstract

RESUMO:As crianças, durante o desenvolvimento da linguagem, precisam de um determinado tempo para a estabilidade de todo o sistema fonológico. No entanto, existe uma parcela da população infantil que não adquire todos os fonemas da língua materna no período esperado, caracterizando um quadro de alterações fonológicas sem uma causa conhecida. Este artigo examina a variabilidade de produção de cada consoante do português brasileiro nos dados de fala de crianças com Transtorno Fonológico, sendo delineado um panorama dessas ocorrências a partir de um grupo de variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas consideradas para o tratamento estatístico dos dados. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existem alvos em determinados contextos que favorecem a produção correta das palavras pelas crianças, o que facilita a proposição de diretrizes terapêuticas na clínica fonoaudiológica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Transtorno Fonológico. Fonoaudiologia. GoldVarb-X. ABSTRACT:The children, during the language development, need a certain time to the stability of the phonological system. However, there is a portion of the child population that do not get all the phonemes of mother tongue in the expected time, featuring in a situation with phonological changes without a known cause. This article examines the variability in the production of each consonant of Brazilian Portuguese in speech data of children with Phonological Disorder, it being outlined an overview of these occurrences with a group of linguistic and extralinguistic variables considered for the statistical treatment of the data. The results obtained shows that there are targets in certain contexts that facilitate the correct production of words by children, which facilitates proposing therapeutic guidelines in the speech-language clinical practice.

Palavras-estímulo favorecedoras para o tratamento do desvio fonológico em onset simples

“…This finding supports the hypothesis that children who speak Brazilian Portuguese as a native language find it easier to produce syllables in metrical feet (to the left of two syllables) due to word stress patterns in Brazilian Portuguese (paroxytone) 7,16,24 . These results also corroborate those of another study 25 suggesting that target sounds are more likely to be produced correctly in stressed syllables, as a result of the stress contrast.…”

“…With regards to the former, the literature suggests that target words should be selected so that the target sound is the only one the child has difficulty producing 9,10,17 . That is, the presence of additional sounds which the child can accurately produce, and are not the focus of treatment, may favor the production of the target sound 16 .…”

“…The presentation of target sounds in a favorable environment may be an important aspect of effective speech therapy [3][4][5][6][7][8] . The extent to which a linguistic environment can be considered favorable for the correct production of a target sound is determined by the following linguistic variables: word and syllable position; syllable stress; and the preceding and following context of the target sound [6][7][8][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

“…Additional variables which may also influence the production of the target sound include familiarity with the target word 6,9,18,19 , its role in the child's communication system and presence in their phonetic inventory 6,9 , its frequency 8,9 and the "number of problem sounds" 9,10,16,18,19 in the word.…”

Impact of the speech sound disorders: family and child perception

“…For this reason, in most cases the change in social conduct and in psychological aspects of the child with phonological deviation is remarkable. This behavior was identified in the results, as it can be seen in Table 1, more specifically in Q24 (children), which shows that 38% of the interviewed children feel sad when other people don't understand what they say 29 .…”