Variation of Urine Parameters among Diabetic Patients: A Cross- Sectional Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease is a common and severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). There are limited data regarding alteration of urine parameters other than proteinuria among DM patients.METHODS: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017 to assess alteration of urine parameters among DM patients at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit adult (≥18 years) diabetic participants. Data were collected after ethical requirements had been fulfilled. The degree of association between variables was evaluated through bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models.RESULTS: The majority (69.4%) of the study participants were type 2 DM patients. The prevalence of altered urine chemical parameters was 11.3% proteinuria, 4.5% ketonuria, 13.6% hematuria, 53.8% glucosuria, 24.9% leukocyturia and 1.7% positive for nitrite. Diastolic blood pressure and poor glycemic control were significantly associated with proteinuria. Male participants were 2.4 times more likely to have leukocyturia than female participants. The prevalence of abnormally increased microscopic findings was red blood cells 3.1%, white blood cells 12.5%, epithelial cells 27.5%, yeast cells 1.7%, bacteria 17.8%, casts 3.7% and crystals 29.2%.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of altered urine parameters among DM patients is found to be considerable. These increased prevalences of altered urine parameters are potential indicators for diabetic kidney disease.

Proteinuria and its associated factors in patients attending family medicine clinics in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

“…In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus is 25.5%[ 19 ] and 23.9%,[ 20 ] respectively. Although many previous studies have demonstrated a significant association between proteinuria and high blood pressure and high blood glucose,[ 4 17 18 21 ] they were considered confounding factors in this study after applying the logistic regression model. Moreover, in a study involving subjects between 20 and 39 years of age, high blood glucose had the highest OR for proteinuria (adjusted OR: 13.591, 95% CI: 5.897–31.327).…”

“…Several studies have demonstrated similar findings. [ 15 17 21 ] For example, an increase of 3% in the odds of proteinuria was found with each year of increasing age. [ 15 ] These findings are in contrast with those of a study that showed an independent correlation between a lower risk of proteinuria and increasing age.…”

Gambaran Leukosituria Tanda Infeksi Saluran Kemih Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2 di RSUD Kota Pontianak

“…Hasil tersebut didukung oleh penelitian Abebe et al yang melaporkan bahwa prevalensi leukosituria mikroskopik pada penderita DM di Ethiopia sebesar 12,5%. 17 Hasil penelitian ini dapat dikategorikan lebih rendah dibandingkan beberapa penelitian serupa terdahulu. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Kota Tangerang Selatan tahun 2013, prevalensi temuan leukosituria adalah sebanyak 45,2% dari 42 pasien DM yang menjadi subjek.…”

Similarities in Bacterial Uropathogens and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Diabetics and Their Non-Diabetic Caregivers at a National Diabetes Management and Research Centre, Accra-Ghana

“…Higher incidence of UTI in diabetic patients has been attributed to reasons such as damage to nerves caused by high blood glucose levels, which in turn affects the ability of the bladder to sense the presence of urine, as well as high glucose levels in urine, encouraging the growth of the bacteria [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Furthermore, the chemical composition of urine is said to become altered, leading to it supporting the growth of these opportunistic bacteria [ 19 ].…”