Variation of Mass Scattering Efficiencies in IMPROVE

Lowenthal, Douglas H.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2004.10470969

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If the scaling factor for OC is increased, then total light extinction calculated via eq 1could possibly become an overestimate because of the greater POM concentration, unless the extinction efficiencies of carbon or other components in the equation are adjusted. These issues are addressed elsewhere [11][12][13] and have not been included in the calculations in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These alternatives are not discussed in this paper, and the reader is referred to recent reviews of the topic. [11][12][13] The rest of this paper discusses the following issues: (1) statistical estimation of extinction under natural conditions for the average of the haziest 20% of days; (2) the choice of the scaling factor for OC mass; and (3) current knowledge about the four categories of sources listed above. Included are initial estimates (sometimes crude) of the potential magnitudes of these issues on natural background concentrations and their potential impacts on developing reasonable progress goals.…”

Section: Sources Of Natural Background Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Tombach

Brewer²

2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of the regional haze mitigation program in the United States is to attain "natural conditions" in national parks and wilderness areas by 2064. Results of research investigations on background concentrations of sea salt and biogenic organic matter, of episodic Saharan and Asian dust, and of carbon from natural fires were reviewed to provide a basis for making site-specific estimates of what the concentrations of atmospheric fine particulate matter components might be under natural conditions in the Southeastern United States. Based on this review, rough estimates were made of potential contributions of these aerosol components to natural background visibility. Natural organic particles were the dominant influence on the rate of visibility improvement required to reach natural conditions at an inland, mountainous location, and organic particles and sea salt were the dominant influences on the rate at a coastal location. African dust also had a large episodic effect, but the current regulatory approach is not designed to address episodic background variations. Insufficient data exist to quantify the

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Natural Background Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Tombach

Brewer²

2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lowenthal and Kumar 13 suggest that dry mass scattering efficiencies increase with increasing pollutant concentrations. Thus, previous studies suggest that a concentration-varying efficiency model may be better than the IMPROVE assumed constant mass scattering efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Light Extinction Reconstruction in Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments

Ryan

Lowenthal

2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the Regional Haze Rule (RHR) in 1999. The RHR default goal is to reduce haze linearly from the baseline period of 2000 through 2004 to natural background in 2064. EPA-recommended method for estimating baseline and natural haze uses the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) light extinction formula. The IMPROVE formula predicts light extinction from measured aerosol chemical concentrations and estimates of the relative humidity multiplier. On average, the IMPROVE formula overpredicts 6156 nephelometer days (24-hr average measured particle light scattering, b sp ) of data by 25%. A new IMPROVED method that reconstructs light extinction using a concentration power law model overpredicts these nephelometer days of data by just 2%. Ignoring the 20% lowest light scattering days, this new IMPROVED formula has a 3% underprediction bias over the 4925 highest nephelometer days with light scattering Ն8 inverse megameters. For comparison, the IMPROVE formula has a 12% overprediction bias for the same days. The IMPROVE formula overprediction averages 77%, 27%, 17%, 9%, and Ϫ5% broken down by quintile from lowest to highest nephelometer measured light scattering days. The new IMPROVED formula average overprediction is 21%, Ϫ5%, Ϫ5%, Ϫ2%, and 0%. So, agreement between measured and predicted light scattering improves by modifying the current IMPROVE light extinction formula.

show abstract

“…It can also help to Mayville, WI 37 42 37 19 22 31 3 3 0 5 Chicago, IL 33 38 28 19 35 35 5 5 0 3 Indianapolis, IN 42 51 22 11 32 30 5 5 0 3 Cleveland, OH 38 49 22 13 33 27 8 8 0 3 Bronx, NY 44 53 21 9 31 30 4 4 0 3 Birmingham, AL 37 44 8 1 47 43 8 8 0 3 determine the site-or season-specific k value or artifact corrections. 41 This study demonstrates the use of SANDWICH to characterize the major chemical components of PM 2.5 FRM mass and offers the opportunity to complete the FRM mass closure. It is those retained components that will or will not respond to emission reductions.…”

Section: Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retained Nitrate, Hydrated Sulfates, and Carbonaceous Mass in Federal Reference Method Fine Particulate Matter for Six Eastern U.S. Cities

Frank

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Material balance of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) measured with the Federal Reference Method (FRM) is developed for one rural and five urban locations in the eastern half of the United States using routine Speciation Trends Network (STN) and FRM chemical measurements and thermodynamic models. The Aerosol Inorganics Model is used to estimate retained particle bound water, and an ammonium nitrate evaporation model is used to estimate nitrate concentrations retained on the Teflon-membrane filter of the FRM. To address large uncertainties in carbonaceous mass calculated from STN carbon measurements, retained carbonaceous mass is derived by material balance between PM 2.5 FRM mass and estimates of its non-carbon constituents. The resulting sulfate, adjusted nitrate, derived water, inferred carbonaceous material balance approach (SANDWICH) is compared with reconstructed fine mass (RCFM) using the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments monitoring program equation. For this study, the SANDWICH method resulted in ϳ21-27% higher sulfate mass and ϳ24 -85% lower nitrate mass. The combined mass associated with sulfates and nitrates, however, are well within Ϯ10% of the proportion derived using the more traditional RCFM method. The discrepancies between SANDWICH and measurement-derived carbonaceous mass vary from Ϫ21% to ϩ56% on an annual basis and are attributed in part to urban-rural source influences and uncertainties in estimating FRMretained carbonaceous mass.

show abstract

Variation of Mass Scattering Efficiencies in IMPROVE

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Improved Light Extinction Reconstruction in Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments

Retained Nitrate, Hydrated Sulfates, and Carbonaceous Mass in Federal Reference Method Fine Particulate Matter for Six Eastern U.S. Cities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About