Variation in the thermal stability of isolates of foot-and-mouth disease type SAT 2 and its significance in the selection of vaccine strains

Anderson, E. C.; Doughty, W. J.; Spooner, P.R.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(82)90002-0

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Formulated vaccines from inactivated wild-type and stabilised O and SAT2 viruses, produced equivalent protective levels of neutralising antibodies in cattle, demonstrating the immunogenicity of the engineered particles. The stabilised inactivated vaccine antigen is also intact after 96 hours at 37°C and will be more tolerant of less than optimal cold chain performance; goals for the stability of SAT2 are given by Anderson et al37. Furthermore, after storage for one or six months at 4°C, stabilised particles produced substantially higher VNT in guinea pigs than wild-type, commensurate with an increase in vaccine shelf-life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-based energetics of protein interfaces guides foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine design

Kotecha

Seago

Scott

et al. 2015

Nat Struct Mol Biol

114

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Summary Virus capsids are primed for disassembly yet capsid integrity is key to generating a protective immune response. Here we devise a computational method to assess relative stability of protein-protein interfaces and use it to design improved candidate vaccines for two of the least stable, but globally important, serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV), O and SAT2. FMDV capsids comprise identical pentameric protein subunits held together by tenuous non-covalent interactions, and are often unstable. Chemically inactivated or recombinant empty capsids, which could form the basis of future vaccines, are even less stable than live virus. We use a novel restrained molecular dynamics strategy, to rank mutations predicted to strengthen the pentamer interfaces to produce stabilized capsids. Structural analyses and stability assays confirmed the predictions, and vaccinated animals generated improved neutralising antibody responses to stabilised particles over parental viruses and wild-type capsids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-based energetics of protein interfaces guides foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine design

Kotecha

Seago

Scott

et al. 2015

Nat Struct Mol Biol

114

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“…Thermostability of vaccine antigen is crucial for the generation of immune responses in animals to achieve protection against FMDV [37], [38], [39]. The thermal stability of the 146S particles from the seven serotypes at 49°C differ considerably [40], while differences exist within serotype SAT2 at 37°C [41]. A contributory factor for better protection in A Malaysia vaccinated cattle may therefore be the relative instability of the SAT vaccine antigen in vivo compared with A serotype vaccine antigen [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A contributory factor for better protection in A Malaysia vaccinated cattle may therefore be the relative instability of the SAT vaccine antigen in vivo compared with A serotype vaccine antigen [15]. It has also been reported that the SAT serotype vaccines, particularly the SAT2 serotype, are less immunogenic than serotypes O, A and C [41]. The CMI responses detected by many of the assays (whole blood IFN-γ assay and Lymphocyte proliferation assay) were higher for the A Malaysia 97 vaccinated animals compared to the SAT2 Eritrea animals and this might be a factor in the more consistent protection afforded by the A Malaysia 97 vaccine in all groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon-γ Induced by In Vitro Re-Stimulation of CD4+ T-Cells Correlates with In Vivo FMD Vaccine Induced Protection of Cattle against Disease and Persistent Infection

Fleming

Statham

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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The immune defense against FMDV has been correlated to the antibody mediated component. However, there are occasions when some animals with high virus neutralising (VN) antibody are not protected following challenge and some with low neutralising antibody which do not succumb to disease. The importance of cell mediated immunity in clinical protection is less clear and so we investigated the source and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in re-stimulated whole blood of FMDV immunized cattle and its correlation to vaccine induced protection and FMDV persistence. We were able to show a positive correlation between IFN-γ response and vaccine induced protection as well as reduction of long term persistence of FMD virus. When combining this IFN-γ response in re-stimulated blood with virus neutralizing antibody titer in serum on the day of challenge, a better correlation of vaccine-induced protection with IFN-γ and VN antibody was predicted. Our investigations also showed that CD4+ T-cells are the major proliferating phenotype and IFN-γ producing cells.

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“…To control localized divergent strains, such as K65/82, it is suggested that immediate revaccination with K183/74 vaccine and/or supplementation of vaccines with Tan 5/68 would be appropriate. Confirmation of this is given by the demonstration that a SAT 2 K183/74 vaccine inoculated twice into susceptible cattle at Pirbright (UK) and Embakasi (Kenya) protected cattle fully against challenge with K65/82 virus and, in contrast to the report by Anderson et al (1982), a high neutralizing Fig. 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, since low antibody titres were observed even in animals which were immune to challenge with virulent virus, it was difficult to monitor the efficacy of these vaccines under field conditions. During 1980-2 an apparently thermostable virus, strain R1215 (Anderson, Doughty & Spooner, 1982), was adopted as the vaccine virus. This strain had been derived from the oropharynx of a symptomless carrier animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A serological evaluation of 1979–1982 Kenyan foot-and-mouth disease type SAT 2 viruses

Ndiritu

Ouldridge

Head

et al. 1983

J. Hyg.

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Serological evaluations of foot-and-mouth disease type SAT 2 viruses isolated in Kenya between 1979 and 1982 were performed using the two-dimensional microneutralization test. Nine field isolates of epizootiological significance were compared with four vaccine viruses. The results obtained identified Tan 5/68 as the most appropriate reference vaccine virus strain since it had the broadest serological spectrum. Potent Tan 5/68 vaccines would be expected to provide adequate protection against the contemporary SAT 2 field viruses. In the case of K183/74, which also was shown to have a broad spectrum with viruses isolated in Kenya, the results show that the 1982 isolate from central Kenya was significantly divergent (r less than 1.00 at P = 0.01) and warranted tactical revaccination for its control. The study highlighted the fact that strain R1215 which had been isolated from the oesophageal-pharyngeal swabs of asymptomatic carrier cattle had a narrow serological spectrum suggesting that such viruses could be unsuitable as vaccine for the national campaign.

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Variation in the thermal stability of isolates of foot-and-mouth disease type SAT 2 and its significance in the selection of vaccine strains

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Structure-based energetics of protein interfaces guides foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine design

Structure-based energetics of protein interfaces guides foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine design

Interferon-γ Induced by In Vitro Re-Stimulation of CD4+ T-Cells Correlates with In Vivo FMD Vaccine Induced Protection of Cattle against Disease and Persistent Infection

A serological evaluation of 1979–1982 Kenyan foot-and-mouth disease type SAT 2 viruses

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