The immune defense against FMDV has been correlated to the antibody mediated component. However, there are occasions when some animals with high virus neutralising (VN) antibody are not protected following challenge and some with low neutralising antibody which do not succumb to disease. The importance of cell mediated immunity in clinical protection is less clear and so we investigated the source and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in re-stimulated whole blood of FMDV immunized cattle and its correlation to vaccine induced protection and FMDV persistence. We were able to show a positive correlation between IFN-γ response and vaccine induced protection as well as reduction of long term persistence of FMD virus. When combining this IFN-γ response in re-stimulated blood with virus neutralizing antibody titer in serum on the day of challenge, a better correlation of vaccine-induced protection with IFN-γ and VN antibody was predicted. Our investigations also showed that CD4+ T-cells are the major proliferating phenotype and IFN-γ producing cells.

HighlightsFMDV A/ASIA/G-VII lineage has recently spread beyond the Indian sub-continent.Study evaluated the performance of a high potency polyvalent vaccine in cattle.A new vaccine strain should be developed which is tailored to the A/ASIA/G-VII lineage.

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HighlightsThe recent A-Iran-05 viruses circulating in the Middle East do not match with the existing vaccines.Full capsid sequence of 13 SIS-10 and SIS-12 viruses was generated.The r1-values generated using antisera raised against two existing vaccines and a new vaccine.Amino acid changes in neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2 and 4 were observed.

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