Vapour-Phase Polymerization of Pyrrole and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Using Iron(III) 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzenesulfonate

Abstract

A new iron(iii) 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate (MSA) with composition [Fe(OH2)5(MSA)3] has been prepared from the reaction of Fe(OH)3·xH2O and three molar equivalents of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonic acid and used as oxidant in the preparation of highly conducting polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films for the first time. PPy and PEDOT films grown on non-conducting overhead transparency (polyethylene terephthalate films) using a vapour phase polymerization technique exhibited very high conductivities; 200 ± 20 S cm–1 for PPy and 1000 ± 80 S cm–1 for PEDOT.

Dopant effect and characterization of polypyrrole-cellulose composites prepared by in situ polymerization process

“…For the assignment of C-N bands, however, some researchers thought that it located at 284.8 eV (Kuhn et al 1995), the others thought that it located at 286.6 eV (Yang et al 2010). Subramanian et al proposed that there was a peak at 285.6 eV which was due to the contribution of a-carbon atoms in the pyrrole units involved in electrostatic interaction with the anion and the C-N interactions (Subramanian et al 2009). As shown in Table 4 and Fig.…”

“…The C1s spectra were deconvoluted into four components, which appeared at 284.8, 286.6, 288.1, and 289.7 eV. The peak at 284.8 eV was attributed to C-C and C-H, the peak at 286.6 eV was assigned to C-O and C-S bands, and the peaks at 288.1 and 289.7 eV were associated with C=O and O-C=O, respectively (Kuhn et al 1995;Subramanian et al 2008Subramanian et al , 2009Yang et al 2010). For the assignment of C-N bands, however, some researchers thought that it located at 284.8 eV (Kuhn et al 1995), the others thought that it located at 286.6 eV (Yang et al 2010).…”

Improved Electrochromic Performance of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) by Incorporating a Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Structure

“…[19] The band from C b ÀC b stretching at aR aman shift of 1369 cm À1 ,t he oxyethylene ring deformation band at as hift of 990 cm À1 ,a nd C a ÀC a' inter-ring stretching at as hift of 1261 cm À1 are all characteristic of PEDOT. [20] Relative to the dense PEDOT film, the C a =C b (ÀO) stretching bands of the 3DOM PEDOT film are redshifted to aR amans hift of 1438 cm À1 owing to ad ifferent doping level. [21] Figure 2b presentst he FTIR spectra of the 3DOM PEDOTf ilm and the dense film.…”

“…The Raman spectra of both samples exhibit a strong absorption at a Raman shift of 1425 cm −1 (Figure a), which can be attributed to characteristic symmetric C α =C β (−O) stretching and is indicative of a high level of oxidation . The band from C β −C β stretching at a Raman shift of 1369 cm −1 , the oxyethylene ring deformation band at a shift of 990 cm −1 , and C α −C α′ inter‐ring stretching at a shift of 1261 cm −1 are all characteristic of PEDOT . Relative to the dense PEDOT film, the C α =C β (−O) stretching bands of the 3DOM PEDOT film are redshifted to a Raman shift of 1438 cm −1 owing to a different doping level .…”

Expeditious and eco-friendly hydrothermal polymerization of PEDOT nanoparticles for binder-free high performance supercapacitor electrodes

“…16,17 Controllable nanostructures of PEDOT had been polymerized using high temperature vapour phase synthesis approaches such as physical vapour deposition or chemical vapour deposition and also solution-based chemical strategies including electrochemical synthesis and sol gel technique. 18,19 Moreover, highly conducting PEDOT surface layers have been achieved by oxidative chemical vapour phase polymerization, [20][21][22] evaporative vapour phase polymerization, 23 and ultrasonic spray polymerization methods. 24 The electrical conductivity of ECPs arises from charge carriers induced by chemical doping and the mobility of the charge carriers along conjugated polymer matrix chains.…”