Improved Electrochromic Performance of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) by Incorporating a Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Structure

Abstract

In this paper, three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films were electropolymerized from an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF ). The electrochromic performances of the 3DOM PEDOT films were studied. The 3DOM films exhibited high transmittance modulation (41.2 % at λ=580 nm), high ionic fast switching speeds (0.7 and 0.7 s for coloration and bleaching, respectively), and enhanced cycling stability relative to that exhibited by the dense PEDOT film. The relationship between the declining behavior of the transmittance modulation and the nanostructure of the film was investigated. A three-period decay process was proposed to understand the declining behavior. The 3D interconnected macroporous nanostructure is beneficial for fast ion and electron transportation, high ion accessibility, and maintenance of structure integrity, which result in enhanced cycling stability and fast switching speeds.

Multiarm Aniline Oligomers: Molecular Architecture, Self-Assembly, and Electrochromic Performance

“…Nyquist plots and the fitted lines of their films based on Randles type equivalent circuit model are shown in Figure . R2 represents the resistance of the electrochromic films. − …”

In-Depth Exploration of the Mechanism by which Various Dopant Ions Affect the Infrared Electrochromic Characteristics of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Conducting Polymers

“…For instance, Zhang reported three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) PEDOT films, which exhibited an ultrafast ionic fast switching speeds, high transmittance modulation, and enhanced cycling stability. 16 Hu prepared natural tubular clay halloysite nanotube (HNT)@poly (3,4- high optical contrast and long cycle stability. 17 Combing PEDOT with another electrochromic materials to take advantage of the synergistic effect is another method.…”

“…It was reported that the electrochromic process of conducting polymers is dominated by electrochemical reaction, which consists of electron transmission and ion intercalation. − Typically, better optical performance can be considerably facilitated by increasing the specific surface areas, conductivity, and accessible intercalation sites. , As a result, various geometric and electrical structures of PEDOT films have been created to improve their electrochromic properties. For instance, Zhang reported three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) PEDOT films, which exhibited an ultrafast ionic fast switching speeds, high transmittance modulation, and enhanced cycling stability . Hu prepared natural tubular clay halloysite nanotube (HNT)@poly­(3,4-ethylene­dioxy­thiophene) (PEDOT) nanocomposites with enlarged active surface area and shortened ion diffusion distance, delivering high optical contrast and long cycle stability .…”

Multi-color electrochromism containing green color based on electrochemically polymerized star-shaped phenyl bithiophene

“…Electrochromic (EC) conjugated polymers(CPs) have attracted more and more attention for their great potential application in smart windows, displays and switchable mirrors, [1][2][3] owing to their abundant structure modification, fast switching time, outstanding coloration efficiency and color adjustment [4][5][6][7] and so on. Recently, the cross-linked polymer network configuration based on a star-shaped monomer structure being of a central core and three peripheral arms is found to be attractive to more and more researchers for the design of electrochromic materials, [8][9][10][11][12] because of the possible microporous structure induced fast color switching speed [13][14][15] and the non-linear molecular structure enhanced electrochemical stability. 16,17 Besides, the whole polymeric conjugation degree based on star-shaped structural monomers may be effectively controlled by adjusting the conjugation degree of the peripheral arm groups due to the non-linear metaposition-like linkage at the central core which may break the conjugation between the adjacent peripheral arms.…”