Vantanea ovicarpa (Humiriaceae), a new species from French Guiana

Comparative floral structure and systematics in Rhizophoraceae, Erythroxylaceae and the potentially related Ctenolophonaceae, Linaceae, Irvingiaceae and Caryocaraceae (Malpighiales)

“… Floral cup (also in Chrysobalanaceae and Euphroniaceae, Prance & White, 1988; Endress, 2008; and scattered in other Malpighiales) Synsepaly (also occasionally in other Malpighiales, Matthews & Endress, 2008) Sepals valvate (scattered in some other Malpighiales; common in Oxalidales, Matthews & Endress, 2002; and a number of Myrtales and Malvales) Very narrow petal attachment (also in Chrysobalanaceae s.l ., Matthews & Endress, 2008; Myrtales and Geraniales, e.g. Schönenberger & Conti, 2003; Endress, 2010b) Petals not retarded and forming protective organs in advanced buds (not common in Malpighiales, only exceptionally in Chrysobalanaceae s.l ., Matthews & Endress, 2008, also Achariaceae, Bernhard, 1999a, Goupiaceae, Mitchell, 2002; Humiriaceae, Sabatier, 2002) Contort petal aestivation (relatively common in Malpighiales and malvids) Conduplicate, stamen‐enwrapping petals (unusual, also present in Elaeocarpaceae and Tremandraceae of Oxalidales, Matthews & Endress, 2002) Postgenitally united petals by postgenital fusion (not common, also Oxalidaceae, Hartl, 1957, and Connaraceae in Oxalidales Matthews & Endress, 2002; Stackhousia in Celastraceae, Matthews & Endress, 2005a, and Rutaceae in Sapindales, Hartl, 1957) Postgenitally united petals by hooking (unusual, also in Oxalidaceae and Connaraceae of Oxalidales, Matthews & Endress, 2002) Androecial tube (also common in some other families of Malpighiales) Gynophore or androgynophore [also in some other Malpighiales, in Oxalidales (rare), and a number of malvids s.str . ; Endress & Matthews 2006b; Endress 2010a] Gynoecium becoming visible before individual stamens are visible in polystemonous flowers (also in some other Malpighiales, such as Achariaceae, Bernhard & Endress, 1999; scattered in core eudicots, such as Capparis L., Capparaceae, Leins & Metzenauer, 1979; Halimium Spach, Cistaceae, Nandi, 1998; Bixa L., Bixaceae, Ronse Decraene, 1989; Tetracera L., Dilleniaceae, Endress, 1997; Couroupita Aubl., Lecythidaceae, Endress, 1994, 2006; Schima Reinw.…”

“…Petals not retarded and forming protective organs in advanced buds (not common in Malpighiales, only exceptionally in Chrysobalanaceae s.l ., Matthews & Endress, 2008, also Achariaceae, Bernhard, 1999a, Goupiaceae, Mitchell, 2002; Humiriaceae, Sabatier, 2002)…”

Phytogeographic History and Phylogeny of the Humiriaceae

“…The family has distinctive drupaceous fruits with woody endocarps having longitudinal germination valves and, in some genera, apical foramina and endocarp wall cavities. The fruits are known to be consumed and/or dispersed by rodents, tapirs, primates, birds, and bats and sometimes inhabited by beetle larvae (Cuatrecasas 1961;Macedo and Prance 1978;Henry et al 2000;Johnson et al 2001;Sabatier 2002;Lopes and Faria 2004;Ridgely et al 2005). Additionally, the extinct megafauna and PaleoIndians of the Amazon rain forest apparently interacted with Humiriaceae (Roosevelt et al 1996;Guimarã es et al 2008).…”

Vantanea maculicarpa (Humiriaceae): a new tree species from French Guiana

“…A comprehensive bibliographic survey of publications describing Vantanea species (Cuatrecasas 1961;Rodrigues 1982;Sabatier 1987;McPherson 1988;Gentry 1990;Sabatier 2002;Herrera et al 2010) was carried out. Digitized herbarium sheets of all Vantanea species were downloaded from various database portals, including the New York Botanical Garden (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/), the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/search/form?lang=en_US), the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (http://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/botany/) and the Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoSearchPage.do).…”