Validity of the Wiener subtle and obvious scales for the MMPI: Another example of the importance of inventory-item content.

Wrobel, Thomas A.; Lachar, David

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.50.3.469

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The MMPI Depression scale and obvious and subtle subscales had poorer ability than the BDI or Zung to classify correctly patients as depressed or nondepressed, when the standard cut-off score of 70 was used. The MMPI Depression subtle subscale had particularly low sensitivity and low association with other depression measures, consistent with other studies that have found little relationship between subtle subscales and criterion measures (Wrobel & Lachar, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Self-report screening measures for depression in chronic pain patients

1984

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Depression is prevalent among chronic pain patients, yet little is known about the ability of various self‐report measures to detect this disorder in this population. This study investigated the relationship of several self‐report depression scales (Beck Depression Inventory‐standard and short forms, MMPI Depression, Depression subtle, and Depression obvious scales, and the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale) to clinician DSM‐III diagnoses of major depressive disorder in 40 chronic pain patients. Thirty percent of the Ss met criteria for major depression. Sensitivity and specificity values obtained for each scale are presented. The standard and short forms of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale showed good sensitivity and specificity and were comparable in detecting major depression in this sample.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Self-report screening measures for depression in chronic pain patients

1984

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“…This paradoxical result is due to the fact that SD scales are substantively related to such personality traits as psychological adjustment and closedness to experience. This finding is not new; it nicely replicates a similar study conducted 20 years ago (Dicken, 1963), and is consistent with a body of literature that suggests that in most applications, attempts to correct scores for defensiveness or SD do not enhance validity (Dicken, 1963;Wrobel & Lachar, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Social desirability scales: More substance than style.

McCrae

Costa²

1983

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

632

468

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Many psychologists still regard correlations with social desirability (SD) scales as evidence of the invalidity of measures, despite 20 years of research showing that this interpretation is usually unjustified. Although items or scales may be characterized as high or low in SD, there is little evidence that individuals differentially respond to this property when completing self-report questionnaires under normal instructional conditions. In an attempt to separate substance from style in SD scales, self-reports from 215 adult men and women were compared to the external criterion of spouse ratings on a range of personality traits in the domains of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience. When self-reports were "corrected" using scores from the Eysenck Personality Inventory Lie scale and the Marlowe-Crowne SD scale, validity coefficients decreased, rather than increased, in most cases. Both scales were shown to be substantively related to neuroticism and, to a lesser degree, to extraversion and closedness. These results suggest that correlations with SD scales should be given substantive rather than artifactual interpretations and that the widespread practice of correcting scores for lying, defensiveness, or SD should be questioned.

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“…Tranquil scenes might, through reaction formation, indicate underlying anxiety. 4) Responses might be determined by unknown psychological mechanisms that do not bear any obvious relation to the traits they ref lect, just as the subtle items of the MMPI bear no obvious relation to the constructs they are purported to measure (Wrobel & Lachar, 1982).…”

Section: Projective Measures and Five-factor Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lambda , the ratio of pure form responses to nonpure form responses, is thought to reflect “the tendency to simplify complex stimulus fields” (Meyer, Viglione, & Exner, 2001, p. 68) and might be a sign of low Openness to Experience.Responses might have no direct relation to personality traits, but might represent a defensive distortion of trait levels. Tranquil scenes might, through reaction formation, indicate underlying anxiety.Responses might be determined by unknown psychological mechanisms that do not bear any obvious relation to the traits they reflect, just as the subtle items of the MMPI bear no obvious relation to the constructs they are purported to measure (Wrobel & Lachar, 1982). …”

Section: Projective Measures and Five-factor Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Five-Factor Theory Perspective on the Rorschach

Costa

McCrae

2005

Rorschachiana

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Many of the constructs the Rorschach is used to assess are related to personality traits included in the Five-Factor Model, but studies to date have not shown convergence between Rorschach and self-report measures of these traits. This poses a problem for the Rorschach, because recent research on the universality, stability, heritability, and consensual validity of traits demonstrate that self-report measures cannot be dismissed. In an effort to understand these issues, we examine the Rorschach from the perspective of Five-Factor Theory (FFT), a systems model of the person. FFT is compatible with the projective hypothesis, but would generally lead to the expectation that Rorschach signs and self-reports should be correlated. Where they are not, the validity of Rorschach measures of personality traits would need to be confirmed by demonstrations of their heritability, stability, and convergence with observer ratings. The Rorschach may be more useful when interpreted in the context of a global psychodynamic assessment. Clinicians who use the Rorschach should gather the data necessary to test its validity as a measure of personality traits and related constructs, and clinicians and researchers should consider the possible use of Rorschach responses in assessing dynamic processes.

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Validity of the Wiener subtle and obvious scales for the MMPI: Another example of the importance of inventory-item content.

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Self-report screening measures for depression in chronic pain patients

Self-report screening measures for depression in chronic pain patients

Social desirability scales: More substance than style.

A Five-Factor Theory Perspective on the Rorschach

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