Validation of the Flow Theory in an On-Site Whitewater Kayaking Setting

Dispositional Goal Orientation, Beliefs about the Causes of Success and Intrinsic Satisfaction in Young Elite Paddlers

“…So far, scholars who have studied this area of sport have mainly focused on the psychological features related to performance such as emotion, stress in competition, the use of techniques such as hypnosis, and flow theory (Fernández et al, 2004;Jones et al, 2000;Males and Kerr, 1996;Mahamud et al, 2005). In particular and in focusing on Spanish samples, the investigations on the psychometric properties of questionnaires have been made using confirmatory factor analyses only with elite athletes (Guivernau and Duda, 1994).…”

Qualidade da experiência subjectiva no quotidiano escolar de adolescentes: Implicações desenvolvimentais e educacionais

“…Mais concretamente, quando os desafios e competências existentes numa determinada situação são elevados, o que é característico das experiências óptimas, as pessoas apresentam elevados níveis de concentração, sentem-se fortemente envolvidas, satisfeitas, criativas e vivenciam um profundo bem-estar. Pelo contrário, a apatia, que envolve um baixo nível de desafios e de competências, está associada a um estado de desorganização psíquica e entropia, caracterizado por baixos níveis de concentração e envolvimento, e por uma mobilização limitada dos recursos individuais (Delle Fave & Bassi, 2000;Delle Fave & Massimini, 2005 Massimini, 2005) Este modelo tem vindo a ser aplicado em diferentes campos, incluindo o trabalho (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990;, 2003, a educação (Csikszentmihalyi & Schneider, 2000;Lima & Freire, 2007a,b;Shernoff, Knauth, & Makris, 2000), o lazer (Delle Fave Freire, 2006Freire, , 2007, o desporto e a educação física (Jackson & Marsh, 1996;Jones, Hollenhorst, Perna, & Selin, 2000), assim como a saúde (Fonte & Freire, 2006;2007) e a psicoterapia (Massimini, Csikszentmihalyi, & Carli, 1987;Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2002), constituindo-se como uma importante referência conceptual no estudo da qualidade da experiência subjectiva. A investigação desenvolvida com base no EFM tem contribuído para uma maior compreensão das flutuações da qualidade da experiência subjectiva na vida diária do indivíduo, quando envolvido em diferentes tipos de actividades, nos seus vários contextos de vida.…”

The Structure and Content of Flow Experience Narratives in Sport: The Tale of an Elite Sportsman

“…On the other hand, researchers have shown differences in the descriptions of flow experiences reported by members of different groups and cultures (Jackson, 1992;Jones, Hollenhorst, Perna, & Selin, 2000). To explain such discrepancies, Jones et al (2000) have suggested that different activities might provoke different flow experiences, and that the differences in how individuals describe flow might be due to the fact that the questions asked and the definitions given acquire different meanings in different contexts.…”

“…For instance, it could shed some light on the narrative differences among groups and cultures (Jackson, 1992;Jones et al, 2000;Sparkes & Smith, 2003). Therefore, future research delving deeper into the elements that have emerged here and focusing on other types of participants and contexts (e.g., female athletes, recreational settings) could yield revealing aspects about flow as well as the narrative structures and practices related to it.…”

“…To explain such discrepancies, Jones et al (2000) have suggested that different activities might provoke different flow experiences, and that the differences in how individuals describe flow might be due to the fact that the questions asked and the definitions given acquire different meanings in different contexts. In this sense, Delle Fave (2009) recommends paying attention to the meaning people attribute to conscious experiences.…”