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Ruiz-Juan F, Zarauz A. Predictor variables of motivation on Spanish master athletes. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 617-628, 2012. It is known in the last fifteen years that there is an increase of people in Spain over 35 years old significantly who are often training and competing at several levels in athletics. They are master athletes. There are not National studies about master athletes from Spain and not many are worldwide. Therefore, the objectives of the present research are, firstly, to know their training habits, athletic history and motivations analyzing gender differences; secondly, to set predictive models of their motivations according to their training habits and athletic history. Once results have been analyzed, it was concluded that for Spanish master athletes, both men and women, both training and competition are an important part in their lives. These results could be due to they are practising during a large number of years their specialty on athletics, two hours each session during approximately five days per week, also they are often competing at several levels. Because of the fact that they have a high intrinsic motivation and moderate extrinsic motivation, the most important for them related to their sport was the satisfaction they find improving themselves on training, secondarily, beating rivals at competitions, looking for a medal and, even better, timing a record. These situations fill them with competence feeling and success expectancy.

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas del TEOSQ, en una muestra española, aplicado al contexto de la educación física escolar. Con ello se pretende determinar si constituye un instrumento válido y fiable para utilizar en futuras investigaciones en la Educación Física. Se administró a 6170 estudiantes representativos de las provincias de Almería, Granada y Murcia de ESO y ESPO, de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 19 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio apoyó el modelo teórico hipotetizado de dos factores (orientación a la tarea y orientación al ego) para el TEOSQ-12EF. La baja correlación entre los factores demostró la independencia de los mismos y los coeficientes alfa mostraron una consistencia interna aceptable de las dos subescalas. Las pruebas indican que existen diferencias significativas por sexo, los alumnos presentan una mayor orientación al ego que las alumnas.

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. Alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes españoles y mexicanos y su relación con la actividad físico-deportiva y la familia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2012; 31(3):211-20. Forma de citarSegún la OMS (1), el tabaquismo y el alcoholismo son las drogodependencias más extendidas en nuestra sociedad, y representan, respectivamente, la primera y la tercera causa de años de vida con discapacidades. El Observatorio Español sobre Drogas asegura en su último informe que la mayoría de los españoles consume bebidas alcohólicas esporádica o habitualmente (2

deportiva y su relación con el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en jóvenes españoles. Salud Publica Mex 2009;51:496-504. ResumenObjetivo. Determinar la relación entre la práctica de actividad física en el tiempo libre y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en población joven. Asimismo, definir la relación entre el consumo de estas sustancias y los motivos de la práctica deportiva. Material y métodos. Tomaron parte 3 840 jóvenes de diferentes niveles del sistema educativo público de Almería, España. Se utilizó una regresión logística multinomial para modelar la asociación entre variables y calcular la razón de momios y el intervalo de confianza al 95% para cada patrón de actividad física. Resultados. Las mujeres fuman en mayor medida que los varones (p<0.05, en todos los niveles educativos), mientras que éstos son consumidores de alcohol en mayor grado en edades tempranas. Existe un menor consumo habitual de tabaco a medida que aumenta el tiempo de la práctica de actividad física, mientras que la relación del consumo de alcohol con la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva es variable. Conclusiones. Cuanto menor es la actividad física, más probable es encontrar fumadores, en tanto que su relación con la ingesta de alcohol difiere según sea el nivel de práctica.Palabras clave: actividad física; alcoholismo; deportes; tabaquismo; motivación; España Ruiz-Juan F, De la Cruz-Sánchez E, García-Montes ME. Motives for playing sports and its relationship with tobacco and alcohol consumption in a sample of Spanish students.

There is a strong belief that physical education can affect an individual's physical activity, healthy habits, and behaviors through pleasant, positive, and significant exercise experiences, a practical knowledge base, and comprehensive teaching strategies. However, a crucial cognitive aspect for the effective and significant learning of the activities offered in the educational environment is the concentration of students. This study aims to test a hypothetical model based on self-determination theory to assess the degree of support prediction provided by the teacher for student autonomy in the various types of motivation and on student concentration in physical education classes in high schools within the Mexican context and test invariance across gender groups. This study included 859 students between 11 and 16 years from different high schools in the city of San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León (México). The Learning Climate Questionnaire, the Perceived Locus of Causality, and the Concentration scale adapted to physical education and translated into Mexican Spanish were used. Results showed good internal consistency for all instruments. Both the measurement model and the structural equation modeling showed satisfactory adjustment indexes. The results revealed that the autonomy support positively predicted autonomous motivation, controlled motivation to a lesser extent, and amotivation negatively. Furthermore, the students' concentration was highly and positively predicted by autonomous motivation, by controlled motivation to a lesser extent, and by amotivation negatively. The model predicted 39% of variance of autonomous motivation with large effect size (ƒ 2 = 0.64), 2% of controlled motivation with small effect size (ƒ 2 = 0.02), 8% of amotivation with small effect size (ƒ 2 = 0.09), and 49% of concentration with large effect size (ƒ 2 = 0.96). Finally, the invariance analysis revealed that the model fit was invariant across gender groups. The results of this study emphasize how important it is for teachers to adopt an interpersonal style of autonomy support to generate a motivational climate that influences the concentration of students. This could contribute to the achievement of the purposes and educational objectives of the physical education class, which, in turn, might be conducive to students adopting healthy lifestyles in adolescence and beyond.

Physical education programs may benefit adolescents with different physical activity participation preferences regardless of important individual characteristics and broader school factors.