Validation of a new grading system for endoscopic examination of adenoid hypertrophy

Parikh, Sanjay R.; Coronel, Mark; Lee, James J.; Brown, Seth M.

doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.05.003

Cited by 152 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The degree of obstruction by the adenoid tissue over the posterior choanae is estimated using the grading system proposed by Parikh: grade 1 for adenoid tissue not in contact with adjacent structures; grade 2 for adenoid tissue in contact with torus tubarius, grade 3 for adenoid tissue in contact with vomer, and grade 4 for adenoid tissue in contact with soft palate (at rest) [12]. However, other methods to perform a grading system of adenoid hypertrophy have been reported in literature [11,13]; among them the new method recently proposed by Josephon et aI., [13] and, in the future, we would like to implement it in our clinical practice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoid Assessment in Paediatric Patients: The Role of Flexible Nasal Endoscopy

Pagella

Pusateri

Chu

et al. 2011

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasal obstruction in paediatric patients. Over the years, various methods to assess the adenoid size were proposed such as the posterior rhinoscopy and the radiological examination of the nasopharynx. Nasal endoscopy was introduced for children in the 80's, and nowadays this is a known and diffuse method in routine practice. The purpose of this article is to describe the personal experience in the assessment of the adenoid size in children, with a particular regard to the flexible nasal endoscopy, and to analyse the literature reports. The personal technique is described in performing nasal endoscopy in paediatric patients, reporting advantages and possible disadvantages of the procedure. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6036 children since 1999 to 2010. In most cases children fully collaborated to complete the exam. No major or minor complications (such as nose bleedings or other traumatic injuries) were observed. No topical intranasal decongestant, local or general anaesthesia were used in our series. In our opinion, nasal endoscopy in children is a reliable, safe, accurate, easily tolerated and dynamic diagnostic method to assess the adenoid size.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoid Assessment in Paediatric Patients: The Role of Flexible Nasal Endoscopy

Pagella

Pusateri

Chu

et al. 2011

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…The diagnosis of AH was based on history and physical and endoscopic examination (15). AH was graded in accordance with Parikh's classification: grade 1 indicated adenoid tissue not in contact with the adjacent structures, grade 2 indicated adenoid tissue in contact with the torus tubarius, grade 3 indicated adenoid tissue in contact with the vomer, and grade 4 indicated adenoid tissue in contact with the soft palate (16). In our study, grades 3 or 4 were regarded as AH.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Significant association between SCGB1D4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to adenoid hypertrophy in a pediatric population*

Özdaş

Babademez

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is chronic enlargement of the adenoid tissue. The pathophysiology of the disease is unclear. We analyzed SCGB1D4 gene polymorphisms in order to determine the effect of the variants or their genetic combinations on AH. Materials and methods:We genotyped the SCGB1D4 (IIS) gene in 167 participants (95 children with AH and 72 controls) by performing DNA sequencing in blood samples. Results:We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In the analysis, we found that in the presence of those SNPs and the minor alleles of individual SNPs four haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of AH. In addition, those SNPs were significantly associated with asthma, allergy, sleep-disordered breathing, AH grade +4, and a high level of IgE. As indicated on multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis, single-locus (rs35328961), two-locus (rs35328961_rs56196602), and three-locus models (rs200327820_rs35328961_rs56196602) had the highest synergistic interaction effect on AH. The three-factor model was also significantly associated with some genotypes of rs35328961 and allergic-asthmatic AH. Conclusion:SNPs of SCGB1D4 and their combinations are associated with an increased risk for developing AH. We highlighted the importance of genetic factors on AH and AH-related clinical phenotypes.

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“…The palatine tonsils and adenoid hypertrophy was classified into one to four grades based on the oroscopy and nasopharyngoscopy, respectively (14,15) . Other obstructive airway diseases were not observed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tipo facial e postura de cabeça de crianças respiradoras nasais e orais

Bolzan

Souza

Boton

et al. 2011

J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol.

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OBJETIVO: Verificar o tipo facial e a postura de cabeça de crianças respiradoras nasais, e respiradoras orais de etiologia obstrutiva e viciosa, e correlacionar o índice morfológico da face à angulação da postura da cabeça no plano sagital. MÉTODOS: Participaram 59 crianças com idades entre 8 anos e 11 anos e 10 meses. Todas passaram por triagem fonoaudiológica, avaliação otorrinolaringológica, e exame de nasofibrofaringoscopia, o que possibilitou a constituição de três grupos: com respiração nasal - 15 crianças; com respiração oral obstrutiva - 22 crianças; e com respiração oral viciosa - 22 crianças. Foram mensuradas a altura e a largura da face com paquímetro digital, para determinação do índice e do tipo facial. A postura da cabeça foi avaliada por meio de exame físico e fotogrametria computadorizada. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se predomínio de face curta nos respiradores nasais e de face longa nos respiradores orais. Houve associação entre tipo facial e modo respiratório/etiologia da respiração oral, o tipo braquifacial foi mais frequente nos respiradores nasais e menos frequente nos respiradores orais de etiologia obstrutiva. As crianças dos três grupos apresentaram postura de cabeça semelhante. Não foi verificada correlação entre índice morfológico da face e a postura da cabeça. CONCLUSÃO: O tipo braquifacial favorece o modo respiratório nasal e que a postura da cabeça não é influenciada pelo modo respiratório e etiologia da respiração oral, assim como não está relacionada ao tipo facial.

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Validation of a new grading system for endoscopic examination of adenoid hypertrophy

Abstract: This new validated grading system may be a useful standard for reporting adenoid size in future clinical outcome studies.

Cited by 152 publications

References 7 publications

Adenoid Assessment in Paediatric Patients: The Role of Flexible Nasal Endoscopy

Adenoid Assessment in Paediatric Patients: The Role of Flexible Nasal Endoscopy

Significant association between SCGB1D4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to adenoid hypertrophy in a pediatric population*

Tipo facial e postura de cabeça de crianças respiradoras nasais e orais

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