Validating laboratory assessment of threshold electrolyte concentration for fields irrigated with marginal quality saline-sodic water

Dang, Aaditi; Bennett, John McLean; Marchuk, Alla; Marchuk, Serhiy; Biggs, A. J. W.; Raine, Steven R.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2018.04.037

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A similar behavior was observed in ESP growth in waters of EC 200 and 700 μS cm -1 , which did not occur in the water with EC of 2000 μS cm -1 . In this case, the ESP increase was more pronounced in relation to the other saline waters, proving a more damaging effect of the use of more saline waters and higher SAR values, which can trigger physical problems in the soil (Jalali and Ranjbar, 2009;Chaganti et al, 2015;Dang et al, 2018). The pH of the saturation extract was also evaluated as a function of the SAR treatments used and the behavior of this variable was very similar to that of the soil pH (Figures 2A and B).…”

Section: Effects Of Sodium Adsorption Ratio On Saline Variablesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

et al. 2019

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The use of saline water for crop irrigation is a commonly adopted practice among the farmers in the semiarid regions around the world, but the magnitude of soil salinization resulting from the use of these waters is currently insufficiently understood. This work aims to evaluate the chemical attribute changes of two Fluvisols cultivated with onion and subjected to irrigation with increasing levels of salinity, expressed by electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Sandy loam and silty clay loam soils were irrigated with three different levels of saline waters with electrical conductivity (EC - 200, 700 and 2,000 μS cm-1) and six levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR - 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (mmolc L-1)0.5). Thus, the experiment consisted of a complete factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 6 (two soils, three EC levels and six SAR levels), in four replicates. The soils were cultivated with onion and pH levels of the soil were measured at 90 days after transplanting, as were the contents of exchangeable and soluble cations. ESP and SAR values were then calculated. This study revealed that the use of water with salinity at or above 700 μS cm-1 is capable of promoting changes in the chemical properties of soils and the continuous use of irrigation water with high EC and high SAR values may promote salinization and sodification of Fluvisols in a semiarid environment. These changes were found to be more severe in silty clay loam soils than in sandy loam soils.

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Section: Effects Of Sodium Adsorption Ratio On Saline Variablesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

et al. 2019

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“…While beyond the scope of this study, it is noted here that the McNeal (1968) model was modified by Ezlit et al (2013) to function on a soil‐specific basis via a semiempirical disaggregation approach. Dang et al (2018c) validated the specificity and the disaggregation model for field soils, while Bennett et al (2019) demonstrated the magnitude of soil variability, even for the same soil orders. Therefore, in seeking to improve the soil‐water dynamics of HYDRUS, it is prudent to utilize the semiempirical approach of Ezlit et al (2013) as well as to seek to improve the incorporation of pH effects.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The nonlinear inverse modeling included additional parameters, such as solution EC and soil clay content, which are critical governing factors in the management of the extent of K s reduction (Agassi et al, 1981;Cook et al, 2006;Dang et al, 2018aDang et al, , 2018cZhu et al, 2016). An increase in EC generates the osmotic pressure that compresses the diffuse double layer repulsive effect on the clay domains (Quirk, 2001), subsequently diminishing the contribution of pH and SAR on the diffuse double layer expansion (Sumner, 1993).…”

Section: Nonlinear Performance and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pH‐Based Pedotransfer Function for Scaling Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Reduction: Improved Estimation of Hydraulic Dynamics in HYDRUS

Ali

Biggs

Šimůnek

et al. 2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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Soil‐specific pedotransfer functions can be incorporated into the HYDRUS model. Electrolyte concentration reduces the adverse effect of pH and Na on soil structural stability. Clay content is important in governing soil hydraulic reduction dynamics due to pH. Hydraulic conductivity is a key soil property governing agricultural production and is thus an important parameter in hydrologic modeling. The pH scaling factor for saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) reduction in the HYDRUS model was reviewed and evaluated for its ability to simulate Ks reduction. A limitation of the model is the generalization of Ks reduction at various levels of electrolyte concentration for different soil types, i.e., it is not soil specific. In this study, a new generalized linear regression model was developed to estimate Ks reduction for a larger set of Australian soils compared with three American soils. A nonlinear pedotransfer function was also produced, using the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm, by considering the pH and electrolyte concentration of the applied solution as well as the soil clay content. This approach improved the estimation of the pH scaling factor relating to Ks reduction for individual soils. The functions were based on Ks reduction in nine contrasting Australian soils using two sets of treatment solutions with Na adsorption ratios of 20 and 40; total electrolyte concentrations of 8, 15, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mmolc L−1; and pH values of 6, 7, 8, and 9. A comparison of the experimental data and model outputs indicates that the models performed objectively well and successfully described the Ks reduction due to the pH. Further, a nonlinear function provided greater accuracy than the generalized function for the individual soils of Australia and California. This indicates that the nonlinear model provides an improved estimation of the pH scaling factor for Ks reduction in specific soils in the HYDRUS model and should therefore be considered in future HYDRUS developments and applications.

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“…However, as will be shown in section 4, this does not necessarily mean that clayey soil is more prone to degradation than other soils, for the same irrigation regime and climatic conditions. Validation of the Ezlit et al (2013) model has shown that it is able to effectively predict reductions in hydraulic conductivity in a wide variety of soils as a result of saline and sodic water (Dang et al, 2018), though it does not consider the effects of other factors such as pH (Ali et al, 2019). A short overview of the Ezlit et al (2013) model is included in Text S4.…”

Section: Saturated Hydraulic Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Degradation Risks Assessed by the SOTE Model for Salinity and Sodicity

Kramer

Mau

2020

Water Resources Research

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Soil salinity and sodicity are serious environmental hazards, with the potential to limit agricultural production and cause destructive soil degradation. These concerns are especially high in dry areas, which often rely on saline and sodic irrigation water to support agriculture. To assess long-term soil degradation risk, we introduce the Salt of the Earth (SOTE) model, which describes the dynamics of soil water content, salinity, and sodicity, as driven by irrigation and rainfall. The SOTE model incorporates how changes in salinity and sodicity affect saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, K s , on a soil-specific basis. The model was successfully validated against results from a multiyear lysimeter experiment involving different irrigation water qualities and precipitation. We evaluated the impact of shorter rainy seasons on the dynamics of soil degradation in a Mediterranean climate. Critical degradation risk, indicated by reductions in K s greater than 20%, increased from 0% to 3% when the rainy season was shortened from 130 to 80 days. Alarmingly, when irreversible degradation is allowed for, overall risk increases to 68%. Assessing the effect of irrigation water on different soils textures, we found that while greater clay fractions are usually more susceptible to dispersion, accurate risk assessment hinges on soil water dynamics. SOTE is amenable to large-ensemble simulations of stochastic climatic conditions, for which trends in the statistics of salinization and soil degradation can be identified. As such, SOTE can be a useful land management tool, allowing planners to understand the risk of long-term soil degradation given irrigation practices, soil qualities, and climate conditions.

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Validating laboratory assessment of threshold electrolyte concentration for fields irrigated with marginal quality saline-sodic water

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

A pH‐Based Pedotransfer Function for Scaling Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Reduction: Improved Estimation of Hydraulic Dynamics in HYDRUS

Soil Degradation Risks Assessed by the SOTE Model for Salinity and Sodicity

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