Validating and optimizing spot sampling of urine to estimate urine output with creatinine as a marker in dairy cows

Lee, C.; Morris, D.L.; Dieter, P.A.

doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15121

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Spot fecal and urine samples were collected from individual cows (total 6 spot samples per cow; about 300 g of sample at each event) on d 18 to 21 in each period to represent every 4-h sampling in a 24-h cycle (Morris Copelin et al: ALLEVIATING MILK FAT DEPRESSION IN DAIRY COWS et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019). Fecal samples collected at each time point were composited on an equal wetweight basis by cow and period.…”

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 1. Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility

Copelin

Firkins

Socha

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 1. Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility

Copelin

Firkins

Socha

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The lack of effect on NH 3 concentration or NH 3 :creatinine in urine does not seem to support a greater rumen microbial activity, since a higher efficiency of using N in rumen should results in lower NH 3 in urine. However, it has been recently demonstrated that the use of urinary creatinine is not adequate to estimate urine volume output in dairy cows using spot sampling [ 62 ]. As indicated above, spot urine sampling is not ideal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Production, N Partitioning, and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows Grazing Mixed or Spatially Separated Simple and Diverse Pastures

Carmona-Flores

Bionaz

Downing

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing pasture diversity and spatially separated sowing arrangements can potentially increase the dry matter intake of high-quality forages leading to improved animal production. This study investigated the effects of simple (two-species) and diverse (six-species) pastures planted either in mixed or spatially separated adjacent pasture strips on performance, N partitioning, and methane emission of dairy cows. Thirty-six mid-lactation Jersey cows grazed either (1) simple mixed, (2) simple spatially separated, (3) diverse mixed, or (4) diverse spatially separated pastures planted in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Compared to simple pasture, diverse pasture had lower CP content but higher condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds with an overall positive effect on yield of milk solids, nitrogen utilization, including a reduction of N output from urine, and methane yields per dry matter eaten. The spatial separation increased legume and CP content in simple pasture but decreased NDF in both diverse and simple pastures. In conclusion, increasing diversity using pasture species with higher nutritive value and secondary compounds can help improving the production while decreasing the environmental effect of dairy farming, while spatial separation had a minor effect on feed intake and yield, possibly due to overall high-quality pastures in early spring.

show abstract

“…The AUC for U Creat identified in this study suggests that U Creat could be of value in assessing UC in dairy cattle. However, U Creat is a nonspecific indicator of hydration status as it depends on several factors, including the muscle mass (which determines the rate of creatine metabolism), renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate . This is likely to negatively impact its clinical usefulness in evaluating hydration status in lactating dairy cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the urine creatinine concentration (U Creat ) may also provide insight into hydration status because creatinine is formed at a constant rate in mammals from the spontaneous, irreversible, nonenzymatic conversion of creatine in skeletal muscle, and is excreted at a constant rate in the urine in dairy cows . However, U Creat is dependent on both muscle mass and hydration status, and therefore exhibits a large degree of variation between animals …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 However, U Creat is dependent on both muscle mass and hydration status, 24,26 and therefore exhibits a large degree of variation between animals. 27 Based on the above, we hypothesized that U SG-R , U EC , and U Color provide accurate, practical, and low-cost methods for assessing UC in dairy cattle. We also hypothesized that U Creat and U SG-D would not provide suitable methods for evaluating UC in dairy cattle because variable muscle mass and urine pH >8.0 are frequently observed in ruminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical utility of urine specific gravity, electrical conductivity, and color as on‐farm methods for evaluating urine concentration in dairy cattle

Megahed

Grünberg

Constable

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Urine concentration (UC) provides clinically useful information concerning hydration status and renal function of animals. Objectives To characterize the clinical performance of urine specific gravity measured by optical refractometry (U SG‐R ) or Multistix‐SG urine reagent dipstick (U SG‐D ), urine electrical conductivity using an OAKTON Con 6 conductivity handheld meter (U EC ), urine color (U Color ) using a custom‐designed 8‐point color chart, and urine creatinine concentration (U Creat ) for assessing UC in dairy cattle. Animals 20 periparturient Holstein‐Friesian cows. Methods Urine was obtained by perineal stimulation or urethral catheterization and urine osmolality (U Osm , reference method), U SG‐R , U SG‐D , U EC , U Color , and U Creat determined. Diagnostic test performance was evaluated using Spearman's rho and logistic regression to determine the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and optimal cut point for diagnosing hypohydration (U Osm ≥800 mOsm/kg). P < .05 was considered significant. Results The best performing test for diagnosing hypohydration was U SG‐R (AUC = 0.90) at an optimal cut point ≥1.030. The second‐best performing test was U EC (AUC = 0.82) at a cut point of ≥23.7 mS/cm, followed by U Creat (AUC = 0.76) at a cut point of ≥95.3 mg/dL, and U Color (AUC = 0.74) at a cut point of ≥4 on an 8‐point scale. Urine specific gravity measured by dipstick performed poorly (AUC = 0.63). Conclusions and Clinical Importance U SG‐R and U EC provide practical and sufficiently accurate methods for measuring UC in dairy cattle. Urine color had moderate clinical utility as a no‐cost cow‐side method for assessing UC, whereas dipstick refractometry is not recommended for assessing UC.

show abstract

Validating and optimizing spot sampling of urine to estimate urine output with creatinine as a marker in dairy cows

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 1. Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 1. Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility

Milk Production, N Partitioning, and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows Grazing Mixed or Spatially Separated Simple and Diverse Pastures

Clinical utility of urine specific gravity, electrical conductivity, and color as on‐farm methods for evaluating urine concentration in dairy cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About