Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 1. Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility

Copelin, J.E.; Firkins, J.L.; Socha, M.T.; Lee, C.

doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18949

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…According to feed AA composition in NRC ( 2001), dietary Ile concentration was similar (4.1% of CP) between LF-C and HF-C, and therefore microbial utilization of 2-methylbutyrate was likely reduced. This might be supported with a 3 percentage-unit decrease (P = 0.12) in total-tract NDF digestibility for LF-C versus HF-C shown in our companion study (Copelin et al, 2021). However, relative abundances of Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus (culturable cellulolytics) were not affected.…”

Section: Effects Of Feeding Lf-c Versus Hf-csupporting

confidence: 65%

“…This lack of response is probably because the PUFA concentrations between LF-C and HF-C were the same, and the changes in Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria occurred due to ruminal pH and starch concentration and were not involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., biohydrogenation). These results indicate that enhancement of the alternative biohydrogenation pathway producing greater trans-10 C18 isomers was not the main factor causing moderate MFD for LF-C versus HF-C (Copelin et al, 2021), although the dietary inclusion of PUFA was relatively similar to that found in MFD-inducing diets in previous studies (Ramirez Ramirez et al, 2015;Baldin et al, 2018b). The lack of difference in ruminal trans-10 C18 isomers is also supported by the lack of changes in concentration of C18 trans-10 isomers in milk for LF-C versus HF-C in our companion study (Copelin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Effects Of Feeding Lf-c Versus Hf-cmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The current experiment is part of a larger study (Copelin et al, 2021). The main focus of the larger study (10 cows with 2 squares in a replicated Latin square design) was DMI, production, milk FA profile, N balance, and nutrient digestibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data presented in the study were produced only from cannulated cows (i.e., one square; nonreplicated Latin square design; 238 ± 69 DIM, 702 ± 86 kg BW, and 24 ± 5 kg/d milk yield) with a focus on ruminal effects on MFD. Production, milk FA profile, and nutrient digestibility were determined from all cows and presented in our companion paper (Copelin et al, 2021). The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14 d for adaptation and 7 d for sampling).…”

Section: Animals Diets and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about diet ingredients and chemical composition are presented in our companion paper (Copelin et al, 2021). Briefly, dietary treatments (DM basis) included a relatively high-forage and low-starch diet with 1.5% safflower oil (24% starch, 32% NDF, and 3.4% total FA; positive control; HF-C), a relatively low-forage and high-starch diet with 1.5% safflower oil (29% starch, 29% NDF, and 3.5% total FA; negative control; LF-C), the LF-C diet supplemented with 0.11% of HMTBa in dietary DM (28 g/d; Adisseo, Antony, France; LF-HMTBa), the LF-C diet supplemented with 0.24% of IA in dietary DM (Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN) supplying about 0.24% of IA in dietary DM (17 g/d of isobutyrate, 17 g/d of 2-methylbutyrate, 12 g/d of isovalerate, and 14 g/d of valerate; LF-IA), and the LF-C diet supplemented with the combination of HMTBa and IA (LF-COMB).…”

Section: Animals Diets and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

Lee

Copelin

Park

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBa) and isoacids on alleviating MFD. Five ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with the following 5 dietary treatments (dry matter basis): a high-forage and low-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (HF-C); a low-forage and high-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (LF-C); the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa (0.11%; 28 g/d; LF-HMTBa); the LF-C diet supplemented with isoacids [(IA) 0.24%; 60 g/d; LF-IA]; and the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa and IA (LF-COMB). The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sampling). Ruminal samples were collected to determine fermentation characteristics (0, 1, 3, and 6 h after feeding), long-chain fatty acid (FA) profile (6 h after feeding), and bacterial community structure by analyzing 16S gene amplicon sequences (3 h after feeding). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) in a Latin square design. Preplanned comparisons between HF-C and LF-C were conducted, and the main effects of HM-TBa and IA and their interaction within the LF diets were examined. The LF-C diet decreased ruminal pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with no major changes detected in ruminal FA profile compared with HF-C. The α-diversity for LF-C was lower compared with HF-C, and β-diversity also differed between LF-C and HF-C. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera associated indirectly with fiber degradation was influenced by LF-C versus HF-C. As the main ef-fect of HMTBa within the LF diets, HMTBa increased the ratio of acetate to propionate and butyrate molar proportion. Ruminal saturated FA were increased and unsaturated FA concentration were decreased by HMT-Ba, with minimal changes detected in ruminal bacterial diversity and community. As the main effect of IA, IA supplementation increased ruminal concentration of all branched-chain volatile FA and valerate and increased the percentage of trans-10 C18 isomers in total FA. In addition, α-diversity and the number of functional features were increased for IA. Changes in the abundances of bacterial phyla and genera were minimal for IA. Interactions between HMTBa and IA were observed for ruminal variables and some bacterial taxa abundances. In conclusion, increasing diet fermentability (LF-C vs. HF-C) influenced rumen fermentation and bacterial community structure without major changes in FA profile. Supplementation of HMTBa increased biohydrogenation capacity, and supplemental IA increased bacterial diversity, possibly alleviating MFD. The combination of HMTBa and IA had no associative effects in the rumen and need further studies to understand the interactive mechanism.

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Section: Effects Of Feeding Lf-c Versus Hf-csupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Effects Of Feeding Lf-c Versus Hf-cmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals Diets and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals Diets and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

Lee

Copelin

Park

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The physiological dissimilarities of Holstein dairy cows with different milk yields

Dong

Liu

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Even if breed, parity, dietary and environmental management are same, dairy cows still have notable differences in milk yield that may be underpinned by physiologic differences. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the physiological dissimilarities of dairy cows with different milk yields. Methods Thirty cows were sorted into high milk‐yielding cows (group H: 58.93±2.31 kg/day), moderate milk‐yielding cows (group M: 44.99±0.54 kg/day), and low milk‐yielding cows (group L: 24.99±6.83 kg/day) according to milk yield. Blood was collected and serum parameters were assessed. Rumen fluid was collected for the evaluation of rumen fermentation parameters (RFPs) and bacterial community composition (BCC). Results Serum prolactin, growth hormone, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulin A and non‐esterified fatty acid had a significantly positive correlation with milk yield ( p < 0.05), whereas serum glucagon and total antioxidant capacity had a significantly negative correlation with milk yield ( p < 0.05). The concentration of valeric acid and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen fluid in group H was significantly lower than that in group L ( p < 0.05). The concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid in group H was significantly lower than that in groups M and L ( p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 _group, Prevotella_1 , Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group , Christensenellaceae_R‐7_group , Muribaculaceae , and Ruminococcus_2 were negatively correlated with milk yield, whereas the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG‐001 , Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Shuttleworthia and Dialister were positively correlated with milk yield ( p < 0.05). Conclusions This study indicates that dairy cows with different milk yields have clear divergence in serum indicators, RFPs, BCC and rumen microbial metabolism.

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Effects of reducing dietary cation-anion difference on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating cows and ammonia emissions from manure

Zynda

Copelin

Weiss

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Reducing the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) reduces urine pH and, therefore, has potential to lower NH 3 emissions from manure. We determined the effects of decreased DCAD on dry matter intake, production, nutrient digestibility, manure characteristics, and NH 3 emissions from manure. An in vitro incubation study was conducted to evaluate the degree of reduced urine pH on manure pH and NH 3 emissions from manure. In this study, urine pH was directly decreased from 8.5 to 7.5, 6.5, and 5.5 by adding sulfuric acid, which resulted in decreases in manure pH when manure was reconstituted with the fecal-to-urine ratio of 2:1 (as-is basis). The manures from urine at pH 7.5, 6.5, and 5.5 decreased NH 3 emissions linearly by 19, 33, and 36%, respectively, compared with the manure from unacidified urine. An animal study was conducted with 27 mid-lactation Holstein cows in a randomized complete block design. Cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and assigned to 1 of 3 different DCAD diets:(1) HDCAD, a diet with DCAD of 193 mEq/kg of dry matter (DM); (2) MDCAD, a diet with 101 mEq/kg of DM; and (3) LDCAD, a diet with 1 mEq/kg of DM. A commercial anionic product (predominantly ammonium chloride) partly replaced urea, soybean meal, soyhulls, and corn grain in MDCAD and LDCAD to lower DCAD. The experiment lasted 7 wk (1-wk covariate followed by 6-wk data collection). Spot urine and fecal samples were collected for manure incubation. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS in a randomized block design. Dry matter intake and milk yield were not altered by treatments. No difference in milk fat content was observed among treatments, but fat yield tended to decrease linearly (1.00 to 0.86 kg/d) as DCAD decreased, resulting in a tendency for decreasing energy-corrected milk yield (35.1 to 32.7 kg/d). Milk protein content increased (3.00 to 3.14%) as DCAD decreased, but milk protein yield was not affected. Total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber did not differ among treatments. Digestibility of crude protein tended to decrease as DCAD decreased. There was no difference in fecal and urine N excretion among treatments, but fecal N as proportion of N intake tended to increase as DCAD decreased. Urine pH decreased linearly from 8.42 for HDCAD to 8.11 and 6.41 for MDCAD and LDCAD, respectively, resulting in decreased manure pH (7.57, 7.40, and 6.96 for HDCAD, MDCAD, and LDCAD, respectively). The cumulative NH 3 emissions from manures over 6 d tended to decrease linearly as DCAD decreased (461 to 390 mg/kg of manure), but the decrease was only numerical when calculated on a cow basis (i.e., g/cow). In conclusion, lowering DCAD has potential to reduce NH 3 emission from manure of lactating cows. However, a tendency for decreased milk fat yield and energy-corrected milk yield suggests that DCAD of 1 mEq/kg of DM may be too low, and more studies are needed to examine relatively less reduced DCAD to determine production responses in addition to NH 3 emission from manure.

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Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 1. Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure

The physiological dissimilarities of Holstein dairy cows with different milk yields

Effects of reducing dietary cation-anion difference on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating cows and ammonia emissions from manure

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