Vacuum startup of reactors for catalytic decomposition of hydrazine

Greer, H.

doi:10.2514/3.29984

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Numerous catalysts have been reported to decompose hydrazine, and these may be applied as either pure metals or as supported metals: Cr [11,12], Mn [11], Fe [11,13,14], Co [15], Ni [16][17][18][19], Cu [20][21][22], Mo [23,24], Ru [25,26], Rh [19,27], Pd [28,29], W [11,19,30], Re [11,31], Os [11], Ir [19,[32][33][34][35][36][37], Pt [19,[38][39][40]. Numerous catalysts have been reported to decompose hydrazine, and these may be applied as either pure metals or as supported metals: Cr [11,12], Mn [11], Fe [11,13,14], Co [15], Ni [16][17]…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalysis: General Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Ru complexes, the complete reaction pathway from hydrazine to NH 3 can be demonstrated [130]. In addition, a uniform hydrazine distribution over the catalyst bed is required [34]. Thus, based on isolated model complexes, both mechanisms -the dissociative and nondissociative -can be argued for.…”

Section: Homogeneous Catalysis and Coordination Chemistry Of Hydrazinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater

Batonneau

Kappenstein

Keim

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction Energetic Compounds Propellants Gas generators Explosive Materials Ignition systems Scope of the Chapter, and Literature Data Units Some Propulsion Elements A Short Introduction to Propulsion Theory Comparison of Propulsion Types and Propellants Propulsion System Types Propellants Advantages of Catalytic Propulsion A Brief History of Rocketry and Catalytic Propulsion The Current Supremacy of Hydrazine Introduction Catalysts Heterogeneous Catalysis: General Studies Mechanistic Considerations A Literature Overview B Thermodynamic Data C Isotope‐Related Studies D Single‐Crystal Studies E Catalytic Cycle Proposals Iridium‐Based Industrial Catalysts A Shell 405 Catalyst ( USA ) B K ali C hemie KC 12 GA Catalyst ( G ermany) C C nesro Catalyst ( F rance) D GIPKh Catalysts (former USSR ) New Hydrazine Decomposition Catalysts Homogeneous Catalysis and Coordination Chemistry of Hydrazine Applications of Hydrazine Catalytic Decomposition Gas Generators Use in Fuel Cells Corrosion Protection Drawbacks of Hydrazine “Green” Propellants as Hydrazine Replacements Introduction Energetic Aqueous Ionic Liquids Thermal Decomposition Catalytic Decomposition of HAN , ADN , and HNF A Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate ( HAN ) B Hydrazinium NitroFormate ( HNF ) C Ammonium DiNitramide ( ADN ) Development of Tools for Catalyst Evaluation The Comeback of Hydrogen Peroxide Introduction Thermal and Catalytic Decomposition Catalysts for Monopropellant Engines Kinetic Rate of Decomposition Hybrid Engine Hypergolic Bipropellant Engine Effect of Stabilizers on Catalytic Decomposition Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) for Monopropellant Engines or Hybrid Engines Introduction Catalysts Use of N 2 O as a Monopropellant Use of N 2 O for Hybrid Engine Future Prospective Applications of Catalytic Propulsion New Energetic Liquids Catalysts for Air‐Breathing Supersonic or Hypersonic Jets Catalysts for Pulse Detonating Engine Ignition of Gaseous Hydrogen–Oxygen Mixtures Gas Generator to Power Micropumps through Small Turbines Conclusion: A Biological System using H 2 O 2 Decomposition for Tactical Defense Acknowledgement

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Section: Heterogeneous Catalysis: General Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homogeneous Catalysis and Coordination Chemistry Of Hydrazinementioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater

Batonneau

Kappenstein

Keim

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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“…5 The test unit consists of: a stainless steel N 2 H4 reservoir pressurized to 300 psi by N 2 gas; a propellant solenoid valve; a stainless steel (thermal-standoff) injector with a 0.024-in. diam (single) orifice; a 40 X 50 mesh inconel injection screen; a 0.5-in.…”

Section: Motor Firingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation of catalysts for monopropellant hydrazine propulsion

Greer

King

Marx

et al. 1971

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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Many monopropellant propulsion systems use a catalyst to decompose hydrazine. Problems of catalyst attrition have given rise to various special processes intended to improve catalyst durability. Precalcined and rounded catalysts were evaluated by measurements of mechanical properties and motor firing characteristics. The results were compared to those obtained with the original catalyst. For the conditions tested, no significant differences in performance or in catalyst activity were observed, and only the precalcining process resulted in a reduction in catalyst loss and breakup. Laboratory measurements of porosity and of thermal expansion coefficient indicate that this improvement is probably due to less catalyst shrinkage and to a more open pore structure.

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“…Significant other development highlights include the development of the Shell 405 catalyst allowing the utilization of high performance hydrazine-based chemical propulsion systems [8] and the SMART-1 mission showing the capability of an electric Hall thruster in an Earth-moon transfer [9], as well as the interplanetary Deep Space-1 mission, which was propelled by an NSTAR ion engine [10]. With the ABS-3A and Eutelsat 115 West B, we have seen the first instances of commercial platforms to use EP for orbit raising from a low earth orbit to the final geostationary orbit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Propulsion Technology for Small Spacecraft

2018

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Abstract-As small satellites become more popular and capable, strategies to provide in-space propulsion increase in importance. Applications range from orbital changes and maintenance, attitude control and desaturation of reaction wheels to drag compensation and de-orbit at spacecraft end-of-life. Space propulsion can be enabled by chemical or electric means, each having different performance and scalability properties. The purpose of this review is to describe the working principles of space propulsion technologies proposed so far for small spacecraft. Given the size, mass, power and operational constraints of small satellites, not all types of propulsion can be used and very few have seen actual implementation in space. Emphasis is given in those strategies that have the potential of miniaturization to be used in all classes of vehicles, down to the popular 1-liter, 1 kg CubeSats and smaller.

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Vacuum startup of reactors for catalytic decomposition of hydrazine

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater

Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater

Experimental evaluation of catalysts for monopropellant hydrazine propulsion

Space Propulsion Technology for Small Spacecraft

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