Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Energetic Compounds Propellants Gas generators Explosive Materials Ignition systems Scope of the Chapter, and Literature Data Units Some Propulsion Elements A Short Introduction to Propulsion Theory Comparison of Propulsion Types and Propellants Propulsion System Types Propellants Advantages of Catalytic Propulsion A Brief History of Rocketry and Catalytic Propulsion The Current Supremacy of Hydrazine Introduction Catalysts Heterogeneous Catalysis: General Studies Mechanistic Considerations A Literature Overview B Thermodynamic Data C Isotope‐Related Studies D Single‐Crystal Studies E Catalytic Cycle Proposals Iridium‐Based Industrial Catalysts A Shell 405 Catalyst ( USA ) B K ali C hemie KC 12 GA Catalyst ( G ermany) C C nesro Catalyst ( F rance) D GIPKh Catalysts (former USSR ) New Hydrazine Decomposition Catalysts Homogeneous Catalysis and Coordination Chemistry of Hydrazine Applications of Hydrazine Catalytic Decomposition Gas Generators Use in Fuel Cells Corrosion Protection Drawbacks of Hydrazine “Green” Propellants as Hydrazine Replacements Introduction Energetic Aqueous Ionic Liquids Thermal Decomposition Catalytic Decomposition of HAN , ADN , and HNF A Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate ( HAN ) B Hydrazinium NitroFormate ( HNF ) C Ammonium DiNitramide ( ADN ) Development of Tools for Catalyst Evaluation The Comeback of Hydrogen Peroxide Introduction Thermal and Catalytic Decomposition Catalysts for Monopropellant Engines Kinetic Rate of Decomposition Hybrid Engine Hypergolic Bipropellant Engine Effect of Stabilizers on Catalytic Decomposition Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) for Monopropellant Engines or Hybrid Engines Introduction Catalysts Use of N 2 O as a Monopropellant Use of N 2 O for Hybrid Engine Future Prospective Applications of Catalytic Propulsion New Energetic Liquids Catalysts for Air‐Breathing Supersonic or Hypersonic Jets Catalysts for Pulse Detonating Engine Ignition of Gaseous Hydrogen–Oxygen Mixtures Gas Generator to Power Micropumps through Small Turbines Conclusion: A Biological System using H 2 O 2 Decomposition for Tactical Defense Acknowledgement

Pt-Ni Nanoalloys for H2 Generation from Hydrous Hydrazine

“…Zhang's team [40] summarized most of the literature on the decomposition of N 2 H 4 and proposed a relatively complete mechanism of N 2 H 4 ( Figure 1). The effective hydrogen storage component of hydrous hydrazine is hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ), and its decomposition reaction can be carried out according to the following two competitive paths [41,42]: complete decomposition, H 2 NNH 2 → N 2 + 2H 2 , ∆H = −95.4 kJ mol −1 (1) and incomplete decomposition,…”

Copper–Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles with Tailored Cobalt Oxidation State and Lattice Oxygen Vacancy for Low-Temperature Ignition of Ammonium Dinitramide Monopropellants

“…In addition to the environmentally benign nature of ADN monopropellants, they possess high specific and volumetric impulses and a high density compared to hydrazine. ADN exhibits high solubility in polar solvents (78% in water at 20 °C) and combinations of aqueous ADN with different fuels such as glycerol (LMP 101), glycine (LMP 102), and methanol (LMP 103) have been reported as liquid monopropellants , (Table ).…”