Vaccination in Rheumatology: Current Aspects

Белов, Б. С.; Наумцева, М. С.; Тарасова, Г. М.; Полянская, М. В.

doi:10.14412/1995-4484-2014-660-668

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In addition, an additional customs duty was levied on goods, which were processed in Alexandria and then re-exported to other markets (KYLE MCLEISTER, 2011). Specifically, according to Strabo, Alexandria soon came to end farther west from Eunostos, where an extensive Necropolis began and the port on Lake Mareotis had trading value par excellence (Belov, 2014).…”

Section: Fig4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the trade and cultural influences that did reach Egypt from water in the Mediterranean Sea and into Egypt through the Nile Delta (Gilbert, 2008). (Belov, 2014).…”

Section: (3-2) Route and Function Of Alexandria Harbormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the Great Harbor of Alexandria had a paramount trade, military and political value both for the city and for the country as a whole (Belov, 2014) (Fig. 13-14).…”

Section: (3-2) Route and Function Of Alexandria Harbormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, a papyrus of the middle of the second century BC informs us that there was in Alexandria, an international company for the importation of aromata from the 'incense bearing land', an area south of the Red Sea known in ancient Egypt as Punt, as well as names of Alexandrian merchants were found in inscriptions from different parts of the Mediterranean (El-Abbadi, 2000). At that point, Alexandria harbor was of primary trade significance that reached its peak in Roman Imperial Period (Belov, 2014). And With the growing awareness in Rome of the possibilities of an oriental and southern trade in incense, spices, aromatics, precious stones (and later on in silk), Roman businessmen sought to invest more in this line of commerce via Alexandria as well as more capital was pumped into its market (El-Abbadi, 2000).…”

Section: (3-2) Route and Function Of Alexandria Harbormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Submerged remains of the ancient Great harbor of Alexandria inside modern eastern port of the city. Port structures that were situated above the sea level in Antiquity are shown in black while those below it,(Belov, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Markets and Roads on the Domestic and Foreign commercial Financial Transactions in Egypt during Greco Roman Period

Fadel

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International Journal of Tourism, Archaeology and Hospitality

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Domestic trade was played an important role in ancient Egypt. Control of trade and exchange networks were important sources of power and wealth. Trade began in the Predynastic period in ancient Egypt and continued through Roman Egypt. Foreign trade with other lands attracted covetous attention from abroad. Temples in ancient Egypt used agents for internal trade and local markets flourished. A s well as trade and communication between the Pharaoh and foreign rulers established Egypt as a powerful unified nation in the ancient world. In addition, ancient Egypt traded goods with other countries such as Asia Minor and Arabia. Egypt's ingenuity in building and sailing boats was vital to the land's economic and political strength. Egypt and its neighbors through the Ptolemaic period used the economic and artistic exchange system. The economy of the Roman Empire was an exchange economy.The currency was not known in Egypt until after the fourth century B.C when it was introduced from Greece. Ancient Egypt knew the currency system only in late times. Ancient Egypt's economy operated on a barter system without cash. Social change that the Ptolemais introduced in Egypt such as coinage. Therefore, the Greco Roman world indicates clear historical correlations between monetization and the developments of markets. The Ptolemaic initially issued gold, silver and bronze coins. As well as Egypt played an important part of the Roman administration, because of the economic importance of its agricultural resources, its geographic location on trade routes from the Red Sea and Nubia.Taxation was a part of trading arrangements so the trade was important in the country's income, as well as ancient records mentioned ancient transaction documents of trade. Ptolemaic tax receipts are generally Greek, Demotic receipts are found as well as Greek receipts with Demotic subscriptions showing native scribes at work in the bank. Alexandria great harbor had a paramount trade, military and political value both for the city and for the country as a whole. Under Romans, one of the major changes was taxation. In both Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, public registers played an effective role in trade. Under Ptolemaic and Romans Alexandria became an important transshipment center. As well as under Roman rule Egypt became the main conduit for seaborne trade in products from India such as spices and incense. Eastern desert of Egypt and the red sea were strategically and economically important. Under Roman rule, a number of ports along the Egyptian red sea coast and routes across the eastern desert were established. The Nile River was essential for the development

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Section: Fig4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the trade and cultural influences that did reach Egypt from water in the Mediterranean Sea and into Egypt through the Nile Delta (Gilbert, 2008). (Belov, 2014).…”

Section: (3-2) Route and Function Of Alexandria Harbormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the Great Harbor of Alexandria had a paramount trade, military and political value both for the city and for the country as a whole (Belov, 2014) (Fig. 13-14).…”

Section: (3-2) Route and Function Of Alexandria Harbormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (3-2) Route and Function Of Alexandria Harbormentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Markets and Roads on the Domestic and Foreign commercial Financial Transactions in Egypt during Greco Roman Period

Fadel

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International Journal of Tourism, Archaeology and Hospitality

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Analysis of the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Immunization Schedule

et al. 2016

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(гепатит В, коклюш, дифтерия, столбняк, поли-омиелит, корь, краснуха, паротитОБОСНОВАНИЕ Ювенильный идиопатический артрит (ЮИА) -забо-левание с неустановленной этиологией, длительно-стью более 6 нед, развивающееся у детей в возрасте не старше 16 лет, при исключении другой патологии суставов [1,2]. ЮИА является самым распространен-ным хроническим ревматическим заболеванием дет-ского возраста и характеризуется воспалением сино-виальной оболочки суставов, деструкцией хрящевой и костной ткани суставов, развитием широкого спектра внесуставных проявлений [1]. Хроническое, неуклонно прогрессирующее течение ювенильного артрита при-водит к быстрому развитию инвалидизации больных, снижению качества их жизни, социальной и психологи-ческой дезадаптации [1,2].Патогенез ЮИА до настоящего времени остается недостаточно изученным. Однако, известно, что ЮИА представляет собой аутоиммунное заболевание с поли-генным типом наследования [3][4][5]. В его развитии при-нимают участие наследственные и средовые факторы, среди которых наибольшее значение имеют перенесен-ная вирусная или смешанная бактериально-вирусная инфекция, травмы суставов, инсоляция или переохлаж-дение [6][7][8]. О роли бактериальной инфекции в развитии ЮИА свидетельствует повышение у таких пациентов титра антител к бактериальным пептидогликанам [6]. Также имеются данные о связи дебюта ЮИА с мико-плазменной, хламидийной и кишечной инфекцией [1,2]. В научной литературе имеется большое число сообщений об ассоциациях антигенов гистосовместимости с ЮИА в целом и с отдельными формами и вариантами забо-левания в частности [1,2,7]. Выявленные иммуноге-нетические маркеры высокого риска развития ЮИА и протективные антигены гистосовместимости встре-чаются у больных ЮИА реже, чем в популяции [5,6]. Существует ряд предположений, объясняющих взаимо-DOI: 10.15690/pf.v13i4.1604 335 связь инфекционных факторов и антигенов гистосов-местимости с развитием заболеваний ревматической природы. Наиболее распространенной является гипотеза антигенной мимикрии [1,8].Целью нашего исследования было изучить вакци-нальный статус, характеристики прививочного и других видов анамнеза у пациентов с ЮИА. МЕТОДЫ Дизайн исследованияПроведено поперечное (одномоментное) сплошное рет -роспективное исследование вакцинального статуса де -тей с ЮИА, дополненное проспективным опросом матерей.Критерии соответствия В исследование включены данные о пациентах с под-твержденным диагнозом ювенильного идиопатического артрита. Условия проведенияИсследование выполнено на базе ревматологическо-го отделения Научного центра здоровья детей (Москва). В исследовании учитывали данные больных, госпитали-зированных в течение мая-ноября 2015 г. Опрос мате-рей выполнен в тот же период времени. Источники данных и анализируемые параметрыАнамнестические данные получены из индивидуаль-ных историй развития ребенка (ф. 112-у), сертификатов о профилактических прививках (ф. 156/у-93), историй болезни, а также при опросе родителей пациентов путем анкетирования. Оценивались следующие характеристи-ки: вакцинальный статус (наличие или отсутс...

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Vaccination in Rheumatology: Current Aspects

Cited by 2 publications

References 76 publications

The Impact of Markets and Roads on the Domestic and Foreign commercial Financial Transactions in Egypt during Greco Roman Period

The Impact of Markets and Roads on the Domestic and Foreign commercial Financial Transactions in Egypt during Greco Roman Period

Analysis of the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Immunization Schedule

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