Vaccination Against the Canine Hookworm Diseases

Miller, Tim

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60161-x

Cited by 140 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Humans infected with hookworms typically produce parasite-specific humoral and cellular immune responses of the Th2 type (reviewed in reference 42). In contrast to the protective immunity in hamsters (as described above) and dogs (19,46), however, there is relatively little definitive evidence that natural protective immunity against hookworms develops in humans (6,42). Nevertheless, given that certain individuals appear to be predisposed to particular infection intensities (52,57), it would be interesting to examine AceES-2-specific immune responses in FIG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Molecular Cloning of and Immunization with Ancylostoma ceylanicum Excretory-Secretory Protein 2, an Immunoreactive Protein Produced by Adult Hookworms

et al. 2004

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Hookworms remain major agents of global morbidity, and vaccination against these bloodfeeding parasites may be an attractive complement to conventional control methods. Here we describe the cloning of Ancylostoma ceylanicum excretory-secretory protein 2 (AceES-2), a novel immunoreactive protein produced by adult worms. Native AceES-2 was purified from excretory-secretory (ES) products by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, subjected to amino-terminal sequencing, and cloned from adult worm RNA by using reverse transcription-PCR. The translated AceES-2 cDNA predicts that the mature protein consists of 102 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 11.66 kDa. Western immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses demonstrated that recombinant AceES-2 (rAceES-2) reacted strongly with antibodies from A. ceylanicum-infected hamsters. Immunization of hamsters with native ES products adsorbed to alum induced antibodies that recognized rAceES-2, while rAceES-2-alum vaccination resulted in antibodies that reacted with a single protein band in ES products that closely approximated the size predicted for the native molecule. Infected hamsters that were passively immunized with hyperimmune rabbit anti-rAceES-2 serum exhibited more rapid and complete recovery from anemia than controls that received normal serum. Oral immunization with rAceES-2 was associated with significantly reduced anemia upon challenge, an outcome similar to the outcome observed in hamsters that were orally vaccinated with soluble hookworm extract (the latter animals were also resistant to weight loss). These data suggest that AceES-2 plays an important role in the hostparasite interaction and that vaccination against this protein may represent a useful strategy for controlling hookworm anemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Molecular Cloning of and Immunization with Ancylostoma ceylanicum Excretory-Secretory Protein 2, an Immunoreactive Protein Produced by Adult Hookworms

et al. 2004

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“…ES products of several nematodes elicit some degree of host protection when used as vaccine antigens (40, 48 -52). The only successful hookworm vaccine to date, against canine hookworm, employed radiation-attenuated infective L 3 , and although a commercial failure, did reduce worm burden and the resultant pathology (53). One possibility is that the immune response against the irradiated L 3 was directed against an ES product, perhaps ASP, released during invasion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Characterization of Ancylostoma-secreted Protein

Hawdon

Jones

Hoffman

et al. 1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

241

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The developmentally arrested third stage infective larva of hookworms resumes development upon entry into the definitive host. This transition to parasitism can be modeled in vitro by stimulating infective larvae with a low molecular weight ultrafiltrate of host serum together with methylated glutathione analogues. When stimulated to resume development in vitro, activated larvae of the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum released a 42-kDa protein, termed Ancylostoma-secreted protein (ASP). ASP was the major protein released by activated hookworm larvae. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers, based on a partial internal amino acid sequence of the protein, were used together with flanking vector sequence primers to amplify a fragment from a third stage larval cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction. The fragment was used as a probe to isolate a longer clone from the larval cDNA library. The full-length ASP cDNA was found to encode a 424-amino acid protein with homology to the antigen 5/antigen 3 family of proteins from hymenopteran venoms and a family of cysteine-rich secretory proteins. ASP was expressed in bacterial cells, and a polyclonal antiserum against purified recombinant ASP was produced. The antiserum, which was demonstrated to be specific for ASP, was used as a probe to measure the kinetics of ASP release by hookworm larvae. ASP is released within 30 min of stimulation, with the majority released by 4 h. Low levels of ASP were released continuously following activation, but only if the stimuli were present in the incubation medium. The compound 4,7-phenanthroline, previously shown to inhibit larval activation, also inhibited release of ASP. The specific, rapid release of ASP by activated infective larvae suggests that this molecule occupies a critical and central role in the transition from the external environment to parasitism.The early events of the hookworm infectious process are poorly understood, especially at the molecular and biochemical level. A better understanding of the molecules released by invading larvae, and the host's responses to them, would allow for the rational design of immuno-and chemotherapeutic intervention strategies. However, the inability to culture hookworms beyond the third-stage larvae (L 3 ) 1 in vitro, together with the difficulties associated with the isolation of sufficient parasitic stages for molecular and biochemical studies, has, until recently, hampered investigations of the critical first steps in the establishment of the parasitic relationship.The initial events of the infectious process can now be modeled in vitro, using the resumption of feeding as a marker for the transition from the free-living L 3 to the developing parasitic L 3 (1-3). When free-living L 3 of the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum are stimulated to resume feeding in vitro, they release several molecules into the culture medium. Recently, a zinc metalloprotease activity has been reported from activated A. caninum L 3 ES products (4). Here we report the isolation, cloning, and expression of a 40-kDa...

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“…This might be due to loss of blood in dogs affected with hookworm leads to depletion of the body's iron by both the blood sucking habits of the worms, as well as to bleeding of intestinal bite wounds (Hotez and Cerami 1983;Kelly et al 1977). Ancylostoma spp., the most common pathogenic hookworm of dog, can cause a daily loss of 0.01 to 0.2 ml of blood for each adult worm, which can result in the daily loss of 25 % or more of the host animal's total blood volume (Miller 1966(Miller , 1971. These findings are also in accordance with the earlier reports i.e., Chattha et al (2009);Cury et al (2002); Okewole et al (2003);Miller (1966Miller ( , 1971; Kelly et al (1977); Hotez and Cerami (1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin delivered through different routes in gastrointestinal nematode infected dogs

et al. 2014

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Ivermectin is one of the most effective and widely used antiparasitic agents ever discovered because of its broad spectrum activity against nematodes and arthropods. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the comparative anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin by giving through oral and subcutaneous routes in clinically infected dogs and also to check the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode in dogs in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Total 154 dogs with clinical signs of gastroenteritis were examined for the presence of nematodal ova in their faecal sample and 64 were found positive (41.56 %). The screened dogs were divided in to two groups (n = 10 each), first group of animals were treated with ivermectin @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight by subcutaneous route and the second group with same dose of ivermectin through oral route. Efficacy of ivermectin was evaluated based on egg per gram (EPG), haematological and biochemical parameters. It is concluded that, Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes are high in dogs in the climatic condition of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Ivermectin was found effective when administered through either of the routes. Haemato-biochemical parameters were restored after administration of ivermectin and also significant reduction in EPG was found in dogs treated with ivermectin by both the routes, but no significant difference was observed in EPG between oral and subcutaneous treated dogs in various intervals of study.

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Vaccination Against the Canine Hookworm Diseases

Cited by 140 publications

References 42 publications

Purification and Molecular Cloning of and Immunization with Ancylostoma ceylanicum Excretory-Secretory Protein 2, an Immunoreactive Protein Produced by Adult Hookworms

Purification and Molecular Cloning of and Immunization with Ancylostoma ceylanicum Excretory-Secretory Protein 2, an Immunoreactive Protein Produced by Adult Hookworms

Cloning and Characterization of Ancylostoma-secreted Protein

Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin delivered through different routes in gastrointestinal nematode infected dogs

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