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Abstract

Calorie restriction or fish oil (enriched in n-3 fatty acids) supplementation ameliorates glomerulonephritis and Sjögren's syndrome lesions in (NZB x NZW)F1(B/W) mice. Enhanced proinflammatory cytokine expression and deposition of immune complexes are the important pathological events in the development of Sjögren's syndrome. In the present study, we have examined the effect of calorie restriction and fish oil supplementation on the expression of key inflammatory cytokines [gamma interferon (INF-gamma), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-12] and polymeric immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor (pIgR) (receptor for IgA and IgM) and the secretion of Ig in the submandibular glands (SMG) of B/W mice. Weanling B/W mice were fed either ad libitum (AL) or calorie restricted (CR) (40% less calories than AL) diet supplemented with 5% corn oil (CO) or 5% fish oil (FO) until 4 or 9 months of age. The SMGs were removed and a portion of the tissue used for semiquantitive determinations of IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), and pIgR mRNA. The remaining SMG tissue was fragmented and cultured for 7 days and the culture supernatants assayed for IgA, IgM, and IgG2a levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results revealed a significant increase in the expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-12 mRNA with age in AL fed mice, whereas CR fed mice maintained their levels to near those seen in young animals regardless of the dietary fat. PIgR mRNA expression also remained unaltered in CR animals irrespective of age and dietary fat, while it was found significantly increased in AL fed mice. CR significantly inhibited the elevated levels of IgA and IgG2a seen in aged mice. Interestingly, CR also influenced the Ig level in young animals. In summary, these results indicate that amelioration of autoimmune disease by CR in B/W mice is possibly mediated by the lowered mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-12, and pIgR and the reduced Ig secretion.

Lupus Autoimmunity and Metabolic Parameters Are Exacerbated Upon High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Due to TLR7 Signaling

“…Increased TLR7 expression coupled with increased TLR7 signaling has detrimental effects on accelerating systemic metabolic inflammation and SLE progression. In line to our findings, calorie restriction in mice delayed the development of kidney disease, age-related immune dysfunction and complications, and thus prolonged the life span in the BWF1 mouse model of lupus (66–68). Information regarding the impact of diet and caloric restriction on human SLE is yet insufficient (2, 69).…”

Immunomodulatory Effects of Diet and Nutrients in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Systematic Review

“…The influence of calorie restriction on the expression of main cytokines and synthesis of immunoglobulin (Ig)G has been tested in NZB/NZW F1 mice. In the study, reduced calorie intake contributed to the reduction of interferon (IFN)- γ, IL-10 , and IL-12 mRNA expression besides the reduction of IgG secretion in the submandibular glands ( 31 ).…”

Immune Deviation and Alleviation of Allergic Reactions in Mice Subjected to Dietary Restriction

“…DR affects various aspects of immune functions, including phagocyte function, antibody production, and cytokine production. [13][14][15] Our results indicate that DR modulates IFN-/IL-4 production by peripheral blood T cells, resulting in a shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance.…”