Utilizing proteomics to understand and define hypertension: where are we and where do we go?

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a complex and multifactorial cardiovascular disorder. With different mechanisms contributing to a different extent to an individual’s blood pressure, the discovery of novel pathogenetic principles of hypertension is challenging. However, there is an urgent and unmet clinical need to improve prevention, detection, and therapy of hypertension in order to reduce the global burden associated with hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases.Areas covered: Proteomic techniques have been applied in reductionist experimental models including angiotensin II infusion models in rodents and the spontaneously hypertensive rat in order to unravel mechanisms involved in blood pressure control and end organ damage. In humans proteomic studies mainly focus on prediction and detection of organ damage, particularly of heart failure and renal disease. While there are only few proteomic studies specifically addressing human primary hypertension, there are more data available in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. We will review these studies and discuss implications of proteomics on precision medicine approaches.Expert commentary: Despite the potential of proteomic studies in hypertension there has been moderate progress in this area of research. Standardized large-scale studies are required in order to make best use of the potential that proteomics offers in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.

Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Injury and Repair in Arterial Hypertension

“…Many different anatomical parts of the kidney, with distinct cell types, are affected by hypertensive kidney injury: Cells forming the nephron, including glomerular podocytes and tubular cells, the vasculature with endothelium and smooth muscle cells, interstital fibroblasts and resident, as well as circulating immune cells of adaptive and innate immune response, are involved (Figure 3). Although novel techniques, such as genome-wide association studies, single cell proteomics or deep sequencing are on the brink of their application in clinical studies, detailed reports scrutinizing cell-type specific molecular mechanisms of hypertensive kidney injury are still missing [27,28]. When subsequently discussing important molecular mechanisms in hypertensive kidney injury and repair, we will focus on the molecular signaling pathways of Ang II signaling, hypoxia, pro- inflammatory signaling, TGF, and profibrotic pathways.…”

Identification of Aortic Proteins Involved in Arterial Stiffness in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated With Perindopril:A Proteomic Approach

“…Future studies, using more specific techniques, are necessary to further confirm the results observed in this study. Besides that, we do believe that this kind of study is important, mainly because the currently available studies using proteomics looking for a better management of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are relatively small, not standardized, and difficult to compare with each other ( Delles et al, 2018 ).…”

Prevalence of Isolated Systolic Hypertension among People with Diabetes in Indonesia

“…It is well established that obesity is associated with ISH [37–39]. Obesity affects the process of inflammation, cell adhesion, and coagulation that impact in the arterial stiffness [38,40]. Obesity is also related to the insulin and leptin resistance that contributes to sodium retention with concomitant cardiac output [39].…”