Present study aimed to estimate the incidence of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity after recovery from COVID-19 and to determine the factors associated with recurrent positivity. We searched the PubMed, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry for studies published to June 12, 2020. Studies were reviewed to determine the risk of bias. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Fourteen studies of 2568 individuals were included. The incidence of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 14.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.44–18.19%). The pooled estimate of the interval from disease onset to recurrence was 35.4 days (95% CI 32.65–38.24 days), and from the last negative to the recurrent positive result was 9.8 days (95% CI 7.31–12.22 days). Patients with younger age and a longer initial illness were more likely to experience recurrent SARS-CoV-2 positivity, while patients with diabetes, severe disease, and a low lymphocyte count were less likely to experience. Present study concluded that the incidence of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 14.8% suggesting further studies must be conducted to elucidate the possibility of infectious individuals with prolonged or recurrent RNA positivity.

Background: Previous studies reported recurrent SARS CoV2 RNA positivity in individuals who had recovered from COVID 19 infections. However, little is known regarding the systematic review of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity. The current study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, aimed to estimate the incidence of recurrent SARS CoV 2 RNA positivity after recovery from COVID 19 and to determine the factors associated with recurrent positivity. Methods: We searched the PubMed, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry for studies published to June 12, 2020. Studies were reviewed to determine the risk of bias. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Results: Fourteen studies of 2,568 individuals were included. The incidence of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 14.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.44-18.19%). The pooled estimate of the interval from disease onset to recurrence was 35.44 days (95% CI: 32.65-38.24 days), and from the last negative to recurrent positive result was 9.76 days (95% CI: 7.31-12.22 days). Patients with younger age (mean difference [MD]=-2.27, 95% CI: -2.95 to -1.80) and a longer initial illness (MD=8.24 days; 95% CI: 7.54-8.95; I2=98.9%) were more likely to experience recurrent SARS-CoV-2 positivity, while patients with diabetes (RR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.30-0.90; I2=53%), severe disease (RR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.35-0.84; I2=70%), and a low lymphocyte count (RR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.39-0.86; I2=48%) were less likely to experience recurrent SARS CoV 2 positivity. Conclusions: The incidence of recurrent SARS CoV 2 positivity was 14.81%. The estimated interval from disease onset to repeat positivity was 35.44 days, and the estimated interval from the last negative result to recurrent positive result duration was 9.76 days.

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BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in the atherosclerotic process. High-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP) is commonly used as inflammatory biomarker. It is well known that regular physical activity lowers hs-CRP levels, while prolonged exercise induces hs-CRP elevations. However, the relationship of training and exercise characteristics with hs-CRP levels remains not well elucidated. We evaluated baseline and post-exercise hs-CRP levels and its association with training and exercise characteristics.METHODS: Eighty-eight male endurance cyclists were involved. Demographic data, health condition and training characteristics were collected. Baseline and postexercise blood-samples were collected to determine hsCRP concentrations. A hs-CRP cut-off point of 3 mg/L was used. Blood-cell count and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline. Heart rate (HR) was measured during exercise.RESULTS: Cyclists performed 7.3 hours (interquartilerange (IQR) = 5.4-7.5) of endurance exercise at intensity of 81.8 % (IQR = 74.9-85.8). Cyclists with baseline hsCRP ≥ 3 mg/L reported higher body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference and total-cholesterol. An increase in hs-CRP was following endurance exercise. Cyclists with any elevation of hs-CRP reported a higher BMI, HR during exercise and exercise intensity. Binary logistic regression analysis showed BMI (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.48) and cycling distance (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06-0.76) were associated with post-exercise hs-CRP elevations.CONCLUSION: Body mass, BMI, waist-circumference, total- and HDL-cholesterol are associated with baseline hsCRP, whereas BMI and cycling distance were associated with hs-CRP elevations. These findings suggest that anthropometry parameters and lipid levels attributed to baseline hs-CRP, while anthropometry parameters and cycling intensity attributed to post-exercise hs-CRP elevations.KEYWORDS: C-reactive-protein, exercise, endurancecycling, inflammation, acute-phase-response

Abstrak   Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) sering menimbulkan wabah dan kematian. Kasus DBD di Kabupaten Demak selalu meningkat dan 75% wilayah di Demak endemis DBD. Demak Kota adalah salah satu kecamatan endemis DBD dengan CFR tertinggi. Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya, namun belum optimal. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan mengaktifkan kembali potensi dan kearifan lokal masyarakat “Ronda Jentik” adalah bentuk inovasi pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam penanggulangan DBD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Populasi seluruh rumah di RW 04 Kelurahan Mangunjiwan Kecamatan Demak sejumlah 126 rumah. Responden penelitian adalah ibu rumah tangga yang ditentukan dengan teknik cluster sampling. Hasil menunjukkan model “Ronda Jentik” relevan dengan permasalahan DBD, dapat menumbuhkan kebersamaan dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk, mudah, sesuai dengan budaya lokal, tidak membutuhkan banyak biaya, serta semua anggota masyarakat terlibat sebagai subjek pemantauan dan pemberantasan jentik. Hasil uji coba, model “Ronda Jentik” dapat meningkatkan praktik PSN dan meningkatkan jumlah rumah bebas jentik.   Abstract   Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a diseasethat often causes epidemic and death. Dengue cases in the Demak Regency always increases and 75% of Demak areas are endemic. Demak Kota is one of endemic sub-districts with the highest CFR. The government has made various efforts, but did not work well. Empowerment by reactivating potential and local wisdom, “Ronda Jentik” is a form of innovation community empowerment in dengue prevention. This is a development research with quantitative and qualitative approach. The population was all houses (146 houses) in RW 04 in Mangunjiwan Village. The respondents were housewives which were taken by cluster sampling. The study states that the "Ronda Jentik" model was relevant to dengue problem, able to foster togetherness in mosquito eradication, easy, similiar to the local cultural, and does not require a lot of costs, and all community members could involve as the subject of larvae monitoring and eradication. "Ronda Jentik" model could improve practices of mosquito eradication and increase the amount of no-larvae houses.

Leptospirosis merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang berbahaya yang disebabkan oleh bakteri leptospira. Pelaksanaan pencegahan penyakit leptospirosis masih mengalami hambatan. Penelitian ini adalah  explanatory research dengan  rancangan cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 80 dengan responden ibu rumah tangga. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencegahan penyakit leptospirosis adalah pengetahuan  (p value=0,023), umur (p value=0,005), pendidikan (p value=0,000), pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,014), sumber informasi (p value=0,001), dan dukungan keluarga (p value=0,017). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku pencegahan penyakit leptospirosis adalah sikap, pekerjaan, akses pelayanan kesehatan, dan pengalaman. Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious diseases caused by Leptospira bacteria. Implementation for  prevention behavior of Leptospirosis diseases is barrier. This research was an explanatory research with cross sectional design. Samples numbered 80 and the respondents were housewife. Data analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate. Based on the results of this study found that variables related with prevention behavior Leptospirosis diseases were knowledge (p value= 0.023), age (p value= 0.005), education (p value= 0.000), family income (p value= 0.014), information resources (p value= 0.001), and family support (p value= 0.017). Variables that were not related with prevention behavior Leptospirosis diseases were attitude, occupation, health service access, and experience.

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore mental health disorders (MHD) prevalence among elderly diabetics in Indonesia. Data were extracted from the 2018 national basic health survey in Indonesia (abbreviated as RISKESDAS). The survey involved households randomly selected from 34 provinces, 416 districts, and 98 cities in Indonesia, with 1,017,290 respondents. The number of subjects selected in this study was 2818 elderly diabetic subjects. MHD was determined by self-reporting assessment. Secondary data acquired from RISKESDAS 2018 data involved age, sex, urban–rural residence status, marital status, educational level, employment status, obesity, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, family history of MHD, and DM duration. Binary logistic regression with a backward stepwise method was used to analyze the risk factors related to MHD. MHD prevalence among elderly diabetics in Indonesia was 19.3%. Factors associated with MHD among elderly diabetics were being female (prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.126–2.394), married (POR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.031–0.084), less education (POR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.598–10.355), and stroke (POR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.183–2.269). MHD prevalence among elderly diabetics in Indonesia was 19.3%, suggesting that screening for psychological problems and educating elderly diabetic patients is essential. Unmarried female elderly diabetics with less education and stroke were altogether more likely to experience MHD.

The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and its risk factors among diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects in the community setting study in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study extracted secondary data from basic health survey (Riset Kesehatan Dasar; RISKESDAS) conducted in 2018. DM subjects were defined based on fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2 hours postprandial and random blood glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL or previously had been diagnosed by a doctor; while ISH was determined based on systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg. We also observed the subject’s characteristics, such as demography, lipid profile, and subject’s compliance. Data were then analyzed using Chi-square and Binary logistic regression. Study involved 3,911 DM subjects, revealed the overall prevalence of ISH 17.5%. Age category of 35-44 years old (POR= 10.80; 95%CI: 2.595-44.957), 45-54 years old (POR=22.81; 95%CI: 5.616-92.677), 55-64 years old (POR=46.12; 95% CI: 11.393-186.720); 65-74 years old (POR= 81.82; 95% CI: 20.110-332.868); ≥75 years old (POR=109.64; 95% CI: 26.373-455.789), low HDL cholesterol (POR= 0,80; 95% CI: 0.653-0.972); duration of DM (POR= 1.73; 95% CI: 1.257-2.389) were associated with the ISH. The prevalence of ISH among DM subjects was 17.5%. Older DM subjects, low HDL cholesterol, and duration of DM were associated with the ISH, suggesting that modification lipid profile, especially the HDL cholesterol level, is an important measure to delay ISH in elderly and long-duration DM subjects.