Utilizing an HIV community advisory board as an agent of community action and health promotion in a low-resource setting: a case-study from Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Milnor, Jacob; Santana, Clarice Silva de; Martos, Alexander; Pilotto, José Henrique; Souza, Claudia

doi:10.1177/1757975919854045

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the comparative analysis by sociodemographic variables showed signi cant increases for younger age groups (18-24 and 25-34 years), for MSM, and for those who do not live with a partner. These results show a greater awareness concerning HIV risk exposure in the most at risk population groups, suggesting that prevention actions focused on key populations have been successful (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Szwarcwald,

Pascom,

Júnior

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Population surveys involving the monitoring of high-risk sexual behavior have been recognized as important public health tools to control the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods Using data from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey (PCAP-2013) and from the National Health Survey (PNS), indicators of sexual behavior were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics, including size (%) estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). To compare PCAP and PNS proportional distributions, the Pearson's chi-square test, adjusted by the Rao-Scott’s correction, was applied. Using data from the PNS-2019, experience of violence (verbal, physical, and sexual) was analyzed according to sexual orientation. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic regression models using each type of violence as the response variable and sexual orientation (heterosexual, homosexual/bisexual) as the independent variable.Results Size (%) estimates of MSM and WSW, obtained by direct questions from the PCAP-2013, showed lower homosexuality prevalence estimates than those resulting from the PNS-2019 self-declared sexual orientation. Significant differences were found between the MSM proportions according to the PCAP-2013 (3.7%; 95% CI 3.1–4.4%) and to the PNS-2019 (2.2%; 95% CI 1.9–2.5), and between the WSW proportions (4.6%; 95% CI 4.0-5.4%) and (2.1%; 95% CI 1.8–2.4), respectively. Regarding condom use at last sexual intercourse, no differences between the PCAP-2013 and the PNS-2019 estimates were found at the national level, but significant improvements were found for MSM, people aged 18–24 and 25–34 years, and individuals not living with a partner. Violence-related indicators showed that over 40% of homosexual/bisexual men and women have suffered some type of violence in the past 12 months. Regarding sexual violence, at least once in a lifetime, prevalence was 18.1% among MSM, with 10-fold greater odds (9.9; 95% CI 6.7–14.8) than that of heterosexual men. Among WSW, prevalence was 25.6%, with an estimated OR of 3.3 (95% CI 2.4–4.3).Conclusions The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring HIV/STI risk-related practices and violence experienced by sexual minorities at subnational levels in order to strengthen public policies focused on overcoming the persistent homophobic prejudice in the Brazilian society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Szwarcwald,

Pascom,

Júnior

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Identifying factors associated with the nondisclosure of sexual orientation is crucial for the development of interventions to strengthen protection from stigma and discrimination, as well as improve healthcare access among MSM. A survey in Germany showed that respondents who had never tested for HIV were more likely to live in a city with less than 100,000 inhabitants and to be less open about their sexual orientation to their primary care provider [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

et al. 2023

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Background Population surveys involving the monitoring of high-risk sexual behavior have been recognized as important public health tools to control the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods Using data from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey (PCAP-2013) and from the National Health Survey (PNS-2019), indicators of sexual behavior were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics among individuals aged 18–64 years, including size (%) estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). Specifically, the PNS-2019 prevalence estimates of homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual males and females were compared with those from the PCAP-2013. To compare PCAP and PNS proportional distributions, the Pearson's chi-square test, adjusted by the Rao-Scott’s correction, was applied. Results Size (%) estimates of MSM and WSW obtained by direct questions from the PCAP-2013, showed higher homosexuality prevalence estimates than those resulting from the PNS-2019 self-declared sexual orientation. Significant differences were found between the MSM proportions according to the PCAP-2013 (3.7%; 95% CI 3.1–4.4%) and to the PNS-2019 (2.2%; 95% CI 1.9–2.5), and between the WSW proportions (4.6%; 95% CI 4.0–5.4%) and (2.1%; 95% CI 1.8–2.4), respectively. Results from both surveys showed MSM and WSW prevalence estimates increase with educational level, decrease with age, and is larger among people who do not live with partner, live in urban areas and in state capitals. Regarding condom use at last sexual intercourse, no differences between the PCAP-2013 and the PNS-2019 estimates were found at the national level, but significant improvements were found for MSM, people aged 18–24 and 25–34 years, and individuals not living with a partner. Conclusions The underestimation of MSM and WSW prevalence by self-declared sexual orientation suggests that sexual minorities face many difficulties related to disclosing their sexuality and reinforces the importance of developing public health interventions for changing population attitudes and promoting sexual orientation disclosure. Moreover, the low use of condoms in both surveys (PCAP-2013 and PNS-2019) carried out 6 years apart highlights the need of public policies to expand prevention strategies for HIV infection and other STIs.

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“…This model is predominantly used when a research team has a specific project or linked set of projects they are planning, thereby making it a popular choice for ESIs and graduate students, whose resources might also be limited to that specific project. Examples of a population-specific model of CABs in the context of HIV-related research include high incidence substance using populations in major metropolitan areas, 40 people living with HIV in an international low-resource setting, 22 or Latino sexual minority men in a US HIV epicenter (current CAB in partnership with first and senior authors). CABs operating within this model are often composed of members primarily from the subpopulation of interest and focused on strengthening existing protocols rather than anticipating future research projects.…”

Section: Overview Of Cab Formation Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu Brazil. 22 Low-resourced communities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.…”

Section: Establishment: Practical Examples Of Cab Responsibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting health equity in HIV prevention and treatment research: a practical guide to establishing, implementing, and sustaining community advisory boards

Weinstein

Herrera

Serrano

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Over the last 25 years, community-based participatory research (CBPR) has emerged as an innovative methodological approach to break down the barriers toward health equity in biopsychosocial research. Although there are several methods one can use to conduct CBPR research, one widely used established tool that has shown to be effective for engaging community meaningfully in research is community advisory boards (CABs). CABs are formalized collaborative bodies consisting of community and research stakeholders and have been integral in engaging underserved groups experiencing HIV-related health inequities at the early stages of the AIDS crisis. Even though evidence suggests that CABs are an effective tool for conducting high-quality, rigorous, and community-centered HIV-related research, there are minimal guidelines summarizing the steps needed for developing and maintaining a CAB. Therefore, to fill this gap in the literature, this article offers a practical guide to help researchers with minimal experience, particularly graduate students and early-stage investigators, feel more comfortable with establishing a CAB for equity-focused HIV-related research. This article synthesizes already established guidelines and frameworks for CAB development while specifically outlining unique steps related to the three main stages of CAB formation – establishment, implementation, and sustainment. Throughout this article, the authors offer tension points, generated from the literature and with consultation from a CAB working alongside the authors, that researchers and community partners may need to navigate during each of these three stages. In addition, best practices from the literature are identified for each step in the guidelines so that readers can see firsthand how research groups have carried out these steps in their own practice.

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Utilizing an HIV community advisory board as an agent of community action and health promotion in a low-resource setting: a case-study from Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

Promoting health equity in HIV prevention and treatment research: a practical guide to establishing, implementing, and sustaining community advisory boards

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