Utilization of Clean Water, Personal Hygiene of Toddler Caregivers, and Smoking Behavior of Family Members as Risk Factors for Cases of Stunting Toddlers

Abstract

Introduction: Pasuruan District was in the 7th rank of the highest stunting prevalence in the East Java Province (39.7%). Stunting cases that are not handled properly lead to the decrease of cognitive and motor skills, productivity, and even lead to death. One of the risk factors for stunting cases is a history of infection with toddlers (or children under five) from poor behavior of family and caregiver. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of clean water use, personal hygiene for toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members in cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. Methods: The research was conducted using a case-control design with a ratio of 1: 1. Sampling using stratified random sampling and the proportion of 2% of 2,718 toddlers. Toddlers with z-scores <-3SD – <-2SD became a case group of 118 and toddlers with z-scores ≥-2SD – 2SD became controls of 114. Results and Discussion: There was an effect between smoking inside the house (p = 0.004, OR = 0.473), dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water (p = 0.029, OR = 2.726), washing hands with soap and running water by caregivers (p = 0.002, OR = 2.52), and cutting fingernails by caregivers (p = 0.006, OR = 0.544) on cases of stunting toddlers. Conclusion: Clean water utilization, personal hygiene of toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members are the risks in the incidence of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The variable of dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water is the highest risk (OR = 2.726) for cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The food and drink utensils that are not washed properly and correctly will allow bacterial contamination which causes toddlers to become infected.

Analysis of Fulfillment of Four Aspects in Drinking Water and Incidence of Stunting in Coastal Areas: Case Study of Paluh Sibaji Village, Pantai Labu Sub-district

“…In daily activities, the use of clean water is very important, namely for washing dishes, cutlery, and food ingredients for toddlers and families, the quality of clean water that does not meet the quality aspects will increase the risk of stunting in toddlers because the bacterial colonies contained in water move to food ingredients and reduce the nutritional value of the food. (Ravsanjanie et al, 2021).…”

Drinking Water Quality of Water Refill Station in Gebang Raya Tanggerang

“…Refill water businesses are generally still on a small scale. In terms of infrastructure, station owners still have insufficient knowledge (14).…”

Analisis Faktor Personal Higiene dan Akses pada Sanitasi terhadap Kasus Stunting pada Balita di Asia : Literature Review

“…Studi cross sectional berbasis data sekunder menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara stunting dan cuci tangan pakai sabun dengan nilai odds ratio sebesar 1,11 (Badriyah and Syafiq, 2017). Sebuah studi di Pasuruan, Indonesia menemukan pengasuh yang tidak cuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir, balitanya 2,52 kali lebih berisiko menjadi stunting daripada pengasuh yang cuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir (Ravsanjanie et al, 2021). Anakanak usia 6-24 bulan yang tinggal di rumah yang memiliki kualitas CTPS Ibu yang tidak memenuhi syarat, berisiko 3,923 kali untuk mengalami stunting (Herawati, Anwar and Setyowati, 2020).…”