Utility of multiplex  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diarrhea—An Indian perspective

Ramakrishnan, Balavinoth; Gopalakrishnan, Ram; Nambi, P Senthur; Durairajan, Suresh Kumar; R, Madhumitha; Tarigopula, Anil; Chandran, Chitra; Ramasubramanian, V

doi:10.1007/s12664-018-0889-y

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In other study from south India by Ramakrishna B et al ., using stool PCR, evaluated 106 patients with acute and chronic diarrhea. [ 11 ] 50% of the sample yielded one or more organisms. As compared to our findings of 53% coinfection among controls, in their study, 48% had coinfections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological spectrum of infective diarrhea in renal transplant patient by stool PCR: An Indian Perspective

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among renal transplant patients. The etiological spectrum of pathogens varies with regional diversity, socioeconomic conditions, sanitation, and eating habits. We aimed to delineate the etiological profile of gastrointestinal pathogens in renal transplant patients using the stool Polymerase chain reaction. Methods: In this single-center, retrospective analysis of patients from January 2016 to January 2018, all renal transplant patients who were admitted with severe diarrhea and underwent the stool Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included. In the control group, we included patients from the general population who were admitted with similar complaints in the general medicine ward and underwent stool PCR over the same duration. Results: One hundred ten admissions occurred over 2 years in the transplant group. 86% of samples were positive for infection. More than one organism was seen in 68% of the patient. Norovirus was the most common organism isolated. Giardia lamblia with Norovirus was the most common coinfection among the transplant population. In the control group, 87% of samples tested positive, with 53% of patients having more than one organism. Enteroaggregative E. coli was the common organism, Enteroaggregative E. coli with Enteropathogenic E. coli and Enterotoxigenic E. coli were the most common organism in combination. Both the groups had similar incidence of infection with multiple organisms. Conclusion: The etiological profile of gastrointestinal pathogens differs significantly between the transplant and general population. Coinfections are common in both populations. Norovirus is the most common pathogen in the transplant population, presenting as isolated as well as in coinfections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological spectrum of infective diarrhea in renal transplant patient by stool PCR: An Indian Perspective

et al. 2021

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“…The introduction of highly sensitive multi-pathogen nucleic acid amplification test panel for stool examination with short turnaround time in the last decade has increased the detection of stool pathogens by threefold. 15,16 The use of molecular panels resulted in identification of more bacterial pathogens (Enteropathogenic E coli, Campylobacter) and norovirus infection.…”

Section: Ta B L E 3 Diagnostic Yield Of Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological profile of diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients at a tertiary care center in Southern India

Vyas

Parameswaran

Paramasivan

et al. 2021

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Background: Diarrhea is one of the common gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events after solid organ transplantation. Diarrhea may be caused by infectious or non-infectious etiology. The infectious etiology of diarrhea varies according to the location and duration of diarrhea. Non-infectious etiologies include drugs, inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the etiological profile of diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients presenting to a tertiary care center in Southern India.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of all solid organ transplantation recipients referred to the Department of Medical Gastroenterology for evaluation of diarrhea from April 2012 till May 2014. All patients had stool evaluated by wet mount examination, modified acid fast (AFB) stain, trichrome stain, culture, and Clostridium difficile toxin assay. EDTA plasma was collected for quantitative Cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection by real-time PCR. If the diarrhea was acute (<2 wk), and no etiological agent was identified, empirical antibiotic therapy was instituted and followed up. If persistent or chronic diarrhea (>2-4 wk), endoscopic evaluation (upper GI endoscopy and/or colonoscopy with biopsies), depending on the clinical type of diarrhea was done. If no specific etiological diagnosis was established after endoscopic evaluation, breath test for SIBO and celiac serology were done. If no specific etiology was identified after the above investigations, dose of immunosuppressive drugs was reduced. If diarrhea responded to dose reduction, it was considered to be drug related.Results: Fifty-eight episodes of diarrhea occurred in 55 solid organ transplant recipients during the study period. Renal transplant recipients constituted the majority (70%). Most (79%) of patients included in the study had their transplant > 6 mo ago.Infective diarrhea was the etiology in 46%, drug-related diarrhea in 29.3%. No specific etiology was identified in 22.4% of patients. Parasites accounted for 69% of all

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“…The microbial causes of diarrhea are variety of bacterial, viral and parasite (Navaneethan and Giannella, 2008;. Among these pathogens, diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) play a major role in causing diarrhea in children under 5 years (Thakur et al, 2018;Saka et al, 2019;Ramakrishnan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Diarrheagenic E. Coli Among Children Under ‎‏5‏‎ Year’s Age in Tikrit City of Iraq by Using Single Multiplex PCR ‎technique

Shatub¹,

Jafar²,

Melconian³

2021

PLANT ARCHIVES

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A variety of diarrheagenic E coli (DEC) are responsible for causing diarrhea in children under five years age especially in developing courtiers. The aim of this study was to isolate and bacteriological characterizing of DEC from diarrheic children's stool and using molecular identification of DEC pathotypes for better discrimination and investigate their antibiotic resistance patterns. Total of 200 fresh stools specimens were collected from children with diarrhea in Salah Aldin Hospital in Tikrit city, Iraq. The samples were cultured on selective media such as (MacConkey and EMB). Colonies were identified through biochemical reaction and api 20E system and then antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined. E. coli were isolated and characterized from 200 diarrheagenic stool positive samples, collected from hospitalized children less than 5 years old. A total of 75(40.5%) samples were yielded positive for growth of E. coli Out of these, 46 genotypically-identified DEC were then subjected to multiplex PCR assay targeting certain virulence factors ( SHIG, bfpA, eae, LT, ST, EA, vt1, vt2, daaE, uidA ) for discrimination of pathotyes. 21/46(45.7%) EPEC with 18 atypical and 3 typical, 11/46(24%) ETEC, 3/46 /(6.5%) EAEC, 2/46 (4.3%) for EIEC was detected, 2/46(4.3%) EHEC was also detected, while no DAEC was detected, Also mix pathotypes were detected, more than one pathotype was observed in a number of samples 7/46(15.2%), 5 (aEPEC + ETEC), 2 (aEPEC + EAEC). Moreover, all pathotypes expressed high resistant to Cefotaxime, ampicillin, Piperacillin, Azitromycin, Amikacin. while little resistance to Imipenem, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin was observed. The study concludes EPEC is the dominant pathotype between DEC pathotypes in our society that causes diarrhea in children, and emphasizes the importance of using mPCR assay for best discrimination.

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Utility of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diarrhea—An Indian perspective

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Etiological spectrum of infective diarrhea in renal transplant patient by stool PCR: An Indian Perspective

Etiological spectrum of infective diarrhea in renal transplant patient by stool PCR: An Indian Perspective

Etiological profile of diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients at a tertiary care center in Southern India

Detection of Diarrheagenic E. Coli Among Children Under ‎‏5‏‎ Year’s Age in Tikrit City of Iraq by Using Single Multiplex PCR ‎technique

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