Utilisation of Aegilops (goatgrass) species to widen the genetic diversity of cultivated wheat

Abstract

Wild Aegilops species related to cultivated wheat (Triticum spp.) possess numerous genes of agronomic interest and can be valuable sources of resistance to diseases, pests and extreme environmental factors. These genes can be incorporated into the wheat genome via intergeneric crossing, following, where necessary, the development of chromosome addition and substitution lines from the resulting hybrids. The transfer of a single segment from an alien chromosome can be achieved by translocations. The Aegilops (goatgrass) species, which are the most closely related to wheat, exhibit great genetic diversity, the exploitation of which has been the subject of experimentation for more than a century. The present paper gives a survey of the results achieved to date in the field of wheat-Aegilops hybridisation and gene transfer. The Aegilops genus consists of 11 diploid, 10 tetraploid and 2 hexaploid species. Of these 23 Aegilops species, most of the diploids (Ae. umbellulata Zhuk., Ae. mutica Boiss., Ae. bicornis (Forssk.) Jaub. & Spach, Ae. searsii Feldman & Kislev ex Hammer, Ae. caudata L., Ae. sharonensis Eig, Ae. speltoides Tausch, Ae. longissima Schweinf. & Muschl.) and several polyploids (Ae. ventricosa Tausch, Ae. peregrina (Hack. In J. Fraser) Marie & Weiller, Ae. geniculata Roth, Ae. kotschyi Boiss., Ae.biuncialis L.) have been used to develop wheatAegilops addition lines. Wheat-Aegilops substitution lines were developed using several species, including Ae. umbellulata, Ae. caudata, Ae. tauschii, Ae. speltoides, Ae. sharonensis, Ae. longissima and Ae. geniculata. Translocations carrying genes responsible for useful agronomic traits were developed with Ae. umbellulata, Ae. comosa, Ae. ventricosa, Ae. longissima, Ae. speltoides and Ae. geniculata. A large number of genes were transferred from Aegilops species to cultivated wheat, including those for resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew, and various pests (cereal cyst nematode, root knot nematode, Hessian fly, greenbug). Many molecular markers are linked to these resistance genes. The development of new molecular markers is also underway. There are still many untapped genetic resources in Aegilops species that could be used as resistance sources for plant breeding.

Chromosomal Changes over the Course of Polyploid Wheat Evolution and Domestication

“…Translocation T5B:7B is the most widespread, being found in 25 cultivars studied and in at least 16 other cultivars described in literature (Friebe and Gill 1994 ;Schlegel 1996 ). (Friebe et al 1996 ;Schneider et al 2008 ). The wheat-rye translocation T1B:1R is the most frequent one followed by T1A:1R.…”

Characterization of a New Wheat-Aegilops biuncialis1Mb(1B) Substitution Line with Good Quality-associated HMW Glutenin Subunit

“…Aegilops species, one wild relative of wheat, carry many agronomically useful traits, such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance or tolerance, yield components (Schneider et al 2008), and high ability to improve wheat flour quality (Garg et al 2009a, b). Therefore, Aegilops has been used widely and successfully as a valuable source for wheat improvement.…”

“…Therefore, Aegilops has been used widely and successfully as a valuable source for wheat improvement. The literature presented that more than 200 wheat-Aegilops interspecific hybrid, addition, and translocation lines have been released, and more than half of hundreds of stress resistance genes have been introgressed to wheat from 15 Aegilops species (Schneider et al 2008).…”

Characterization of a new wheat-Aegilops biuncialis addition line conferring quality-associated HMW glutenin subunits

“…It was therefore used widely as a valuable source for wheat improvement. Until now, more than 200 wheat-Aegilops interspecific hybrid, addition, and translocation lines have been developed, and 53 disease and insect resistance genes have been incorporated into the wheat gene pool from 15 Aegilops species (for review see Schneider et al, 2008a).…”