“…As a result, the development of evaluation models became more "flexible," gradually integrating information from end participants (researchers, land planners, decision makers) in the simulation, and fully accounting for the needs, knowledge structure, and wishes of decision makers (Braimoh, 2009;Gonzalez-Redin et al, 2019;Kerr et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017). With the continual development of technology, the application of big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies in the field of sustainable development have improved the accuracy of the evaluation index (Law et al, 2021;Sarkar et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2019). GIS, remote sensing, and other technologies have been increasingly used in the construction of an evaluation index for the sustainable development of land resources (Abera et al, 2019;Dewan & Yamaguchi, 2009;Li et al, 2016;Osman et al, 2016).…”